Energy expenditure and obesity across the economic spectrum, McGrosky et al. 2025

I don't have hard evidence to quote but I am fairly convinced that although weight first thing in the morning is the most reliable it can still vary as much as a kilogram (more often 0.5) according to how much water you have retained - either in association with liver glycogen or colon residue, dependent on the type of carbohydrate you ate the night before. (My father told me about this, based on his and other studies, but he is long dead and much of the research went into government reports rather than papers.) In my experience I am a pound heavier in the morning if I eat curry with boiled rice than if I eat fish with boiled potatoes.
 
I think the suggestion has been that for some, reducing the food intake to the level that is required to achieve (further) weight loss within a few months results in adverse health effects to the extent that the diet can’t be continued.

It may lead to misery but I don't think we have any evidence for that otherwise. As others have said, ensuring essential nutrients is not hard.
 
I don't have hard evidence to quote but I am fairly convinced that although weight first thing in the morning is the most reliable it can still vary as much as a kilogram (more often 0.5) according to how much water you have retained - either in association with liver glycogen or colon residue, dependent on the type of carbohydrate you ate the night before. (My father told me about this, based on his and other studies, but he is long dead and much of the research went into government reports rather than papers.) In my experience I am a pound heavier in the morning if I eat curry with boiled rice than if I eat fish with boiled potatoes.
I weighed myself every morning under the same conditions for half a year. My weight varied with at least +-1kg when on a slightly downwards trend overall.
 
For women before menopause there can be quite large variations in weight and waist and bust measurements at different times in the menstrual cycle due to fluid retention.
 
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