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My thinking was that it would depend which synapses and how severe the damage is. For example, maybe in ME/CFS the damage is away from memory-associated neurons and mild enough to not be visible on scans, but enough damage to throw off a delicate system, like maybe the sickness response pathways.

That's a very funny (and nonsensical imo) reason. Odd that loads of other studies that adjust for multiple comparisons have no trouble displaying unadjusted p-values if they so choose.

More about the above. This blog post says Clarivate does not release the reasons for delisting journals (and it criticizes the lack of transparency), so it's anyone's guess what specifically caused this. But it's likely to lead to a significant drop in articles from the journal. It was...

I couldn't find a good existing thread for this so I thought I'd start one just for general discussion about any journals or publishers. If there's a better place, let me know. May be of interest since we sometimes get papers from Cureus posted here: Retraction Watch: 'Embattled journal...

Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir use reduces risk for long COVID in patients with immunodeficiency [Line breaks added] Selected paragraphs Our findings highlight the potential broad benefit of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in reducing the risk of long COVID among patients with both primary and secondary...

A double-blind clinical trial of SGB for long COVID-related olfactory dysfunction just posted results on ClinicalTrials.gov: Stellate Ganglion Block for the Treatment of COVID-19-Induced Parosmia: Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial 32 patients received treatment and...

I think I might not have made my point clearly before. Yes, I think exercise can probably cause PEM. It might be any of a million mechanisms for how it happens. Maybe chemicals released by the muscles float to the brain and damage neurons. Maybe muscles aren't involved and it's all in the...

Evaluation of Interventions for Cognitive Symptoms in Long COVID [Line breaks added] Importance Treatment for cognitive dysfunction due to postacute sequelae of long COVID (ie, symptoms of fatigue, malaise, weakness, confusion that persist beyond 12 weeks after an initial COVID infection)...

I don't know any specific ways that weak synapses can lead to symptoms. But synapses are involved in every function of the nervous system, so I imagine pretty much any brain-associated symptoms are theoretically possible. Synapse involvement was discussed on this thread...

Still, maybe it shows that synapse damage is why brain IFN-g and microglia activation are associated with post-acute symptoms in this other study that used a coronavirus: Neuropsychiatric sequelae in an experimental model of post-COVID syndrome in mice, 2025, Pimenta et al It might fit with...

This abstract appears to say that IFN-gamma signalling to microglia causes post-acute symptoms in mice after a couple different viral infections. One of the effects was damage to synapses.

T cells promote microglia-mediated synaptic elimination and cognitive dysfunction during recovery from neuropathogenic flaviviruses Published: 2019 [Line breaks added] Abstract T cells clear virus from the CNS and dynamically regulate brain functions, including spatial learning, through...

Removing the ovaries of the mice before infection prevented the decrease in marble burying at 34 dpi. It also reduced the spatial memory problem at 60 dpi, but it looks like it didn't completely eliminate it. It looks like calcium and glutamate levels in hippocampus were not as high 30 dpi in...

More brain findings. Just picking out the figures that visually look the most like there's a sex difference.

Investigating effects on the brain Brain viral load higher in females at 5 dpi, but gone from both sexes by 16 dpi. Increased calcium and glutamate in the hippocampus in females but not males, but no changes in these chemicals in cortex: They talk about sex differences in microglial and...

Increases in CD4, CD8, and NK cells that express IFN gamma at 8 dpi in females: Fig 4:

This is testing infecting mice with MHV-A59: The section about sex differences in long-term behavioral effects: Figure 3: Looking at the figures for what stands out most clearly for sex differences: Decreased olfactory discrimination in females at 6 days post infection (dpi) and still...

68 would be both the mode and the median in this case. If over half of points are exactly 68, then 68 must be the middle ranked point (the median).

As long as more than half the group did exactly 68 sessions, and anyone else did less. Could be a mistake, but it's not impossible that's right.

I have little doubt that exercise does causally worsen exertion capacity. But I think it's because exercise causes symptoms, so the person chooses/is forced not to exert. If a healthy person and a person with ME/CFS do identical amounts of exercise, I think their objective markers of physical...