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This is really interesting. Looking at the number of patients that have an extra X chromosome helped nail down that the X chromosome was a risk factor for SLE. Here are the two papers it cites for the above: Klinefelter's syndrome (47,XXY) in male systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Support...

Yes: https://www.gtexportal.org/home/gene/TLR7 The variants listed under "Significant Single-Tissue eQTLs for TLR7" are associated with changes in expression of TLR7. They're categorized by tissue. There is a chance there are no variants that increase expression in the tissue that matters...

The hypothesis is that the dose of a gene matters for ME/CFS. One way of increasing dose is being female. But you'd expect any other mechanism that increases expression/function of the gene, if such a mechanism exists, to also increase risk. Such as a genetic variant. Maybe even an environmental...

Functional olfactory impairment and fatigue in post-COVID-19 syndrome including ME/CFS – a longitudinal prospective observational study Lil Meyer-Arndt, Greta Pierchalla, Lukas Mödl, Felix Wohlrab, Franziska Legler, Uta Hoppmann, Claudia Kedor, Kirsten Wittke, Helma Freitag, Frank Konietschke...

I'm not sure if I'm not fully understanding, but I don't see the reason to be so pessimistic about finding variants. So say we have evidence that a second X chromosome greatly increases risk. Ok, where do we go from there? How do you figure out which gene on X? There's a good chance, although...

You might be speaking in general about the dozens of tests they ran, but for the most significant findings like increased macrophages and microglia and for the behavioral tests, I don't think false positives are too much of a concern because it looks like they replicated these when they did the...

Competing Interest Statement Funding Statement

Now published, see post #4 -------- Urinary Peptidomic Profiling in Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case-Control Study Dilara Guelmez, Justyna Siwy, Katharina Kurz, Ralph Wendt, Miroslaw Banasik, Bjorn Peters, Emmanuel Dudoignon, Francois Depret, Mercede Salgueira, Elena...

Though if I understood this thread's study correctly, male mice with two X chromosomes (which presumably don't have ovaries) still had the post-acute changes in behavior (figure 7N posted by jnmaciuch above). Edit: So maybe it's presence of any gonads at all, and testes in males can also...

From the discussion, they mention another study that found sex differences in phenotypes after a coronavirus (not SARS-CoV-2) infection: 65 is Neuropsychiatric sequelae in an experimental model of post-COVID syndrome in mice, 2025, Pimenta et al (link to thread) From the abstract of that...

Neuropsychiatric sequelae in an experimental model of post-COVID syndrome in mice Highlights • MHV-A59 inoculation induces a self-limited lung disease that mimics acute COVID-19. • MHV-A59 infection emulates Post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms in female mice. • Neuropsychiatric...

RETRACTION: Causal Relationship Between Diet, Lipids, Immune Cells, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Two-Mediation Mendelian Randomization Study [Line breaks added] Abstract RETRACTION: J. Li, Q. Qin, Y. Zhu, Y. Qian, J. Yin, X. Gao, H. Wen and P. Wang, “ Causal Relationship Between...

Corticosteroids with low glucocorticoid activity as a potential therapeutic strategy for post‐COVID‐19 myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in patients with bipolar affective disorder: A case report Kan Nakajima, Nobutaka Ayani, Teruyuki Matsuoka, Kenya Kasahara, Yoshiyuki...

See thread about an upcoming Canadian conference: Canadian Collaborative Conference on ME, November 4-6 2025

Thread for a Teclistimab study: BCMA T-Cell Engager Therapy in Patients with Refractory Autoimmune Disease 2025 Bucci et al.

Early-onset autoimmune vitiligo associated with an enhancer variant haplotype that upregulates class II HLA expression Ying Jin, Genevieve H. L. Roberts, Tracey M. Ferrara, Songtao Ben, Nanja van Geel, Albert Wolkerstorfer, Khaled Ezzedine, Janet Siebert, Charles P. Neff, Brent E. Palmer...

I would think upregulating receptors related to learning would happen in specific locations in the brain relevant to learning, but figure 2B seems to show that AMPAR density was increased pretty much everywhere in this study. Would be good to know in what regions learning increases AMPAR...

Some posts about chronic traumatic encephalopathy have been moved to: Traumatic brain injury - similarities with and differences to ME/CFS, including PEM

I may be wrong about the motivation for IOM being specifically clinical use and CCC being research use, that's just what I recall people saying. But it does look like the IOM criteria is what the CDC in the US recommends for diagnosis. There's also the even newer NICE criteria, which as far as...

The newer IOM criteria, that I gather is supposed to be more appropriate for clinical diagnosis, and less related to ensuring homogenous research groups, doesn't say there are any excluding diagnoses, as far as I'm aware. Just a collection of symptoms - if you have them, you have ME/CFS.