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T cells promote microglia-mediated synaptic elimination and cognitive dysfunction during recovery from neuropathogenic flaviviruses Published: 2019 [Line breaks added] Abstract T cells clear virus from the CNS and dynamically regulate brain functions, including spatial learning, through...

Removing the ovaries of the mice before infection prevented the decrease in marble burying at 34 dpi. It also reduced the spatial memory problem at 60 dpi, but it looks like it didn't completely eliminate it. It looks like calcium and glutamate levels in hippocampus were not as high 30 dpi in...

More brain findings. Just picking out the figures that visually look the most like there's a sex difference.

Investigating effects on the brain Brain viral load higher in females at 5 dpi, but gone from both sexes by 16 dpi. Increased calcium and glutamate in the hippocampus in females but not males, but no changes in these chemicals in cortex: They talk about sex differences in microglial and...

Increases in CD4, CD8, and NK cells that express IFN gamma at 8 dpi in females: Fig 4:

This is testing infecting mice with MHV-A59: The section about sex differences in long-term behavioral effects: Figure 3: Looking at the figures for what stands out most clearly for sex differences: Decreased olfactory discrimination in females at 6 days post infection (dpi) and still...

68 would be both the mode and the median in this case. If over half of points are exactly 68, then 68 must be the middle ranked point (the median).

As long as more than half the group did exactly 68 sessions, and anyone else did less. Could be a mistake, but it's not impossible that's right.

I have little doubt that exercise does causally worsen exertion capacity. But I think it's because exercise causes symptoms, so the person chooses/is forced not to exert. If a healthy person and a person with ME/CFS do identical amounts of exercise, I think their objective markers of physical...

I think even if it was only people with PEM, you should expect that their VO2 and peak power will improve with exercise. I don't think we have evidence that muscles don't become stronger or the cardiovascular system doesn't become more efficient with training in pwME as opposed to healthy...

So exercise improved physical fitness. Not the most surprising results in the world. No effect on quality of life.

Individualised aerobic and resistance exercise training improves exercise tolerance in individuals with Long COVID: findings from the PERCEIVE randomised controlled trial E Howden, L Burnham, J Smith, K Whitmore, K Morrison, R Hoare, Y Sata, Q Huynh, T Marwick [Line breaks added] Background...

Videos from this symposium are on Youtube: Community Symposium on the Molecular Basis of ME/CFS 2025

Yes, here: https://www.s4me.info/threads/uk-justiceforme-fundraising-for-legal-case-for-uk-government-to-provide-specialist-me-cfs-medical-care.45941/

Email newsletter pointed out that there's a page for tips and materials for fundraising on the ME/CFS Research Foundation website: https://mecfs-research.org/en/support/fundraiser/

Human alphaherpesvirus 3 (HHV-3), which was found only in ME/CFS cases, is varicella zoster virus (VZV), AKA chicken pox and shingles. That's 6/17 people with ME/CFS versus 0/7 healthy controls with this virus.

Here's the second half of the results section:

Letter to the editor and author reply: Re: Health outcomes of patients in the Complex Chronic Diseases Program Spencer Cleave, Thea Gilks, Isaac Rodin Selected paragraphs "We disagree with the authors’ conclusion that the absence of meaningful clinical improvement in their study indicates...

Synopsis of 2024 VA Long COVID Clinical Guidance for U.S. Veterans: Part 1, Nervous System–Related Symptoms Wander, Pandora L.; Awan, Omar; Neal, Jacqueline; Seidel, Ilana; Bell, Kelsie A.; Cassell, Andre; Fattal, Deema; Ng, Bernard; Pyne, Morgan L.; Rog, Lauren; Helfand, Mark [Line breaks...

Previous paper from many of the same authors has a very large overlap in upregulated genes. From thread paper: Upregulation of olfactory receptors and neuronal-associated genes highlights complex immune and neuronal dysregulation in Long COVID patients, 2025, Shahbaz et al