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I'm not sure that the Gottschalk paper particularly joined the dots between mitochondrial dysfunction and the ATG13 in the serum. (They did do a lot of dot joining from the serum to the microglia though.) It's possible that the ATG13 is getting into the serum for a reason unrelated to...

CoQ10 - Coenzyme Q10We have a discussion thread CoQ10. It includes some commentary about this team's earlier work.

Someone let the ginger indirect moxibustion researchers know that there may be some demand for their research skills as the UK acupuncturists seek to diversify. The committee decided that the benefits of acupuncture weren't convincing, given the potential harms, and slammed research that didn't...

I haven't gone through the discussion, but will stop here. There's certainly very interesting stuff, but I get the feeling that, as the study and paper writing went on, everything just got more hurried and less organised. Basic things like how many samples there were for each analysis, and how...

3.6 How might the ATG13 in the serum make microglia produce ROS and Nitric oxide? Off-the shelf ATG13 (i.e. standard stuff, purchased, not from ME/CFS patients) reacts with a type of receptor called RAGE on the microglia to produce ROS and NO. RAGE= Receptor for Advanced Glycation of End...

3.5 The effect of ATG13 in serum on microglia - NO They found something similar with nitric oxide. It looks like they found that nitric oxide produced by microglial cells was increased by exposure to the serum from the initial male case control pair and 8 other case control pairs (I don't know...

3.5 The effect of ATG13 in serum on microglia - ROS No one could accuse these researchers of not covering enough ground in a paper. I think this finding alone would have been worth a paper; I hope the finding is not buried under all the rest. So, in this study, they put human microglia cells...

Back to the paper - Section 3.4 Evaluation of lysosomal function So, they used a protease array to test for lysosomal proteins in the serum. The particular array covered, matrix metalloproteinases, cathepsins, kallikreins (a cool name, a bit like Kali, the goddess of destruction and change...

On the topic of whether it is normal or good/bad to have autophagy proteins in serum, the paper says: There's no mention of ATG13 there. For ATG5, a study is referenced that found higher levels in Alzheimers, as well as a study that found lower levels of the same protein, also in Alzheimers...

I'm not on twitter, please do follow up. Yes, it feels a bit like they give us a blow by blow account of everything they tried, and the detailed disease history of the two initial cases who aren't actually included in the larger sample. Which all gets confusing. It might have been better if...

(please correct anything I get wrong) Finding 2: increased autophagy proteins in ME/CFS serum (section 3.3) They used a commercially available autophagy antibody array (i.e. an Elisa method where you have antibodies that bind to the target protein). They started with 1 case control pair, and...

Thanks to those who offered to share the paper with me. There are a lot of potentially interesting findings in this paper. Finding 1: Strong tendency for protein aggregation in the serum of ME/CFS (compared to controls) (Section 3.2) This was done using a thioflavin T assay. On the face of...

It's annoying not being able to see the paper. But the preprint linked in the first post of this now-merged thread gives some insights. On the negative values, there's this: So, I imagine the x axis is increasing concentrations of the serum, and the y axis is the concentration of the target...

Not a waste of effort as far as ginger-indirect moxibustion practitioners are concerned.

Donated. I can't afford much right now, but hopefully another supporter added to the total number will be encouraging.

Donated, I wish the amount could have been bigger. @dave30th, that's quite the photo on your promotional material. I feel sure that you could secure grants and travel opportunities, now that ME/CFS has the much more news-worthy Long Covid angle, and given that you were working on the topic...

from Dynamic association of the ULK1 complex with omegasomes during autophagy induction (formatting mine) I still can't find out how atg13 gets from cells into the blood. I am aware that I'm getting a bit carried away on the basis of barely understood snippets of a preliminary paper. The...

As @Slamdancin suggested above, there's the fact that viral infections cause ATG13 expression to be increased. See for example: Antiviral responses of ATG13 to the infection of peste des petits ruminants virus through activation of interferon response, 2020, Ma et al So, an alternative story...

(I'm working with the snippets only.) So, they tested for 20 autophagy-related proteins in two patients and two controls, and presumably found just ATG13 was different. They then validated the result of elevated ATG13 with 10 or so more patients and controls. I'm assuming the story they are...

This interview is a bit relevant - there is a transcript. Norman Swan talking to Professor Luigi Fontana about research on extending human lifespan. Professor Fontana is keen on calorie restriction. https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/healthreport/the-lowdown-on-longevity/13850872...