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They forgot the *magic happens here* bit.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9712333/Four-Brits-develop-Guillain-Barr-syndrome-just-days-having-AstraZenecas-Covid-jab.html Anecdotally, I've seen over a handful of cases reported (by individuals) after the Pfizer/Moderna vaccines too. I don't think this is specific to the AZ vaccine.

They're not saying patients never suffer from PEM, they're saying that some patients just happened to be suffering PEM (for whatever reason) during the incidence period of the study.

The SARS outbreak in Hong Kong started in February 2003 and they discovered a link to palm civets in May 2003, so claiming it took 10 years is very misleading. That is also false. Wuhan is no where near any bat colonies. The Yunnan bat caves are around 1800 km away! The "lab signature" idea...

All of the potential measures are of low quality. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejp.1670

I disagree that it is the primary bias, though it is certainly one of the possible biases. "Expectancy" is often discussed as a mechanism for inducing the placebo effect. What is often implied, is that is there are real (and clinically significant) biological effects that are induced due to...

My personal preferred term is "randomised comparison trial", rather than "randomised controlled trial"...

I'm not sure how this paper is relevant to trials of CBT/GET, such as the PACE trial. The problem isn't "expectation"/expectancy effects. Indeed, initial expectations of APT were as good as CBT or GET. The problem isn't necessarily placebo effects either, but biases in reporting (response...

Not serious shortcomings, no. Checking whether there was differential bias between the clinicians is possible, but this is not the same as being able to control for bias if all the clinicians caused a similar sort of bias.

Sounds like what is wrong with traffic engineering. No other engineering profession would tolerate such high rates of injury and mortality...

Yes. Whether it was designed that way or not, encouraging patients to be more conscious and aware of their symptoms means they're much less likely to report improvements.

The citation of the Ithaca College study brings up another potential confounding factor. The ramping of the workload can differ between different CPET studies. Notably, for the Stichting Cardiozorg studies: So while this was held constant between the days, it was not constant between...

As is often the case, the ones who frequently talk about the failure of cartesian dualism are closet dualists themselves.

Have you done the test yourself? How do you know what to expect? It is quite possible that participants were no longer encouraged once they had matched their prior days VO2Peak, and I can tell you from experience, you aren't going to want to continue past your VO2max without extremely strong...

I talked to Max Nelson about this (several years ago). An increase in peak workload on subsequent tests is actually common in healthy people, albeit not necessarily on consecutive days. As people become used to the test, they're likely to push a little bit harder. Keep in mind that peak workload...

That is what the evidence in this study suggests.

Simply put, this means that the level of cardiovascular fitness was not related to PEM in this group of patients.

It's funny that the journalists are not reporting the fact that one dose of Pfizer had greater effiacy against hospitalisation than two doses of AZ. That three month wait for the second AZ dose isn't so great...

If it was due to genetic factors, it could affect many cell types and still likely cause an imbalance in blood plasma...

What about a hypothetical circulatory "danger response" that has the function of lowering circulation through capillaries, with the purpose of restricting pathogens and inflammatory debris from causing problems in the periphery?