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Maybe related to a batch effect of doing the sleep study on all the cases before they had finished recruiting the controls: To me, it seems too good to be true to have that good of separation. Especially as this is a 15 year old study. I would expect a biomarker that perfectly separates groups...

Note that the thread has been split into two threads. The other paper for the CPAP trial is here: The effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on the symptoms of Gulf War illness, 2011, Amin et al

Link to thread for an observational study with the same 18 subjects: Inspiratory airflow dynamics during sleep in veterans with Gulf War illness: A controlled study, 2011, Amin et al.

I haven't read the paper, but that's a very striking table. Zero overlap between groups for % flow limited

I'm curious how good the blinding is. It refers to another paper for a description of the sham treatment: That paper cites ref 10: Sham continuous positive airway pressure for placebo-controlled studies in sleep apnoea I may be misunderstanding, but it seems they are saying they validated...

Comment on PubPeer about that figure:

Extracellular Vesicle Protein and MiRNA Signatures as Biomarkers for Post-Infectious ME/CFS Patients [Line breaks added] Abstract Post-infectious Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic disease with unresolved pathophysiology and limited diagnostic options...

Neuroscience News: "Home Drinking Water May Impact Parkinson’s Risk" Link Younger Groundwater Associated with Greater Risk of Parkinson’s Disease in Nationwide Medicare Study: Implications of Aquifer Type Renee Tessman, Michelle Uher PDF | American Academy of Neurology | Abstract Only

I think you might be looking at the p-value, which isn't a measure of effect size. The difference between groups looks to be 0.059.

They also tested excluding purely psychiatric post-COVID cases, and the risk ratios were about the same. They also tested with minimum 8 weeks duration:

Retraction Watch: "A medical journal says the case reports it has published for 25 years are, in fact, fiction" Link

I feel represented. So great to hear some cool science knowledge from Dianna again with her characteristic overflowing excitement.

Ah okay. I assumed the non-specific Fukuda could easily hit a prevalence around 4x the prevalence with PEM. I see this one also gives a pretty high figure, but seems to also be based on questionnaires. Chronic fatigue syndrome prevalence is grossly overestimated using Oxford criteria compared...

This paper says abnormal P300 amplitude is consistent in fibromyalgia, though: Cognitive dysfunction in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome: New trends and future directions (2006, Current Rheumatology Reports) Edit: Actually, it says abnormal P300 amplitude is consistent in...

Searching for P300 and ME/CFS, I found one about abnormal P300 in children with CFS (the last paper below), and normal P300 in three other studies. I don't think any required PEM. P300 assessment of chronic fatigue syndrome (1995, J Clin Neurophysiol) [Holmes 1988 and Schluederberg 1992...

Papers posted on S4ME that mention P300: Prefrontal dysfunction in post-COVID-19 hyposmia: an EEG/fNIRS study, 2023, Tommaso Longitudinal Exploration of Cortical Brain Activity in Cognitive Fog: An EEG Study in Patients with and without Anosmia, 2024, Gangemi et al. Neurophysiological and...

This paper is about individuals who were poisoned in a terrorist attack by the neurotoxin sarin in subways in Japan in 1995. Chronic symptoms after sarin exposure are interesting because there is some evidence that sarin may have been responsible for at least some cases of gulf war illness. [1]...

Chronic neurobehavioral and central and autonomic nervous system effects of Tokyo subway sarin poisoning Abstract To evaluate delayed (prolonged) neurobehavioral and neurophysiological effects of acute sarin poisoning, nine male and nine female patients of the Tokyo subway sarin poisoning in...

Are you referring to estimates for criteria which require PEM or compared to other studies of Fukuda? It seems plausible that prevalence would be much higher if PEM is not required.

This is based on Fukuda criteria: