Erythrocytes as a Source of Exerkines
Exercise activates many metabolic and signaling pathways in skeletal muscle and other tissues and cells, causing numerous systemic beneficial metabolic effects. Traditionally recognized for their principal role in oxygen (O2) transport, erythrocytes have...
The Roles of Lactate and Lactylation in Diseases Related to Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Ma, Fei; Yu, Wei
Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are the main pathways of cellular energy production. Glucose is metabolized via glycolysis to generate pyruvate, which, under anaerobic conditions, is...
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein structure, function, and interactions, playing pivotal roles in cellular processes and disease progression. Lactate, a byproduct of the Warburg effect, accumulates excessively during viral infections and functions as a signaling...
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