toll-like receptor

Abstract The immunoregulatory metabolite itaconate accumulates in innate immune cells upon Toll-like receptor stimulation. In response to macrophage activation by lipopolysaccharide, itaconate inhibits inflammasome activation and boosts type I interferon signalling; however, the molecular...

CircSARS-CV2-N1368 from SARS-CoV-2 impairs endothelial cell function through the upregulation of ATF7 to activate TLR4/NF-κB/ROS signaling Wen, Yi-hong; Zhao, Heng-li; Wu, Shao-yu; Jiang, Jia-xue; Gao, Yuan; Wang, Zi-fan; Liu, Xiao-yao; Yu, Fei; Ou, Tao; Zhao, An-zhi; Chen, Li-wen; Fang...

2015 study Pathway-focused genetic evaluation of immune and inflammation related genes with chronic fatigue syndrome Mangalathu S. Rajeevan, Irina Dimulescu, Janna Murray 1, Virginia R. Falkenberg, Elizabeth R. Unger Abstract Recent evidence suggests immune and inflammatory alterations are...

STING recognition of viral dsDNA by nociceptors mediates pain in mice https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159124004823 Highlights Nociceptors can directly sense viral nucleic acids, such as dsDNA derived from herpes and vaccinia viruses. Cytosolic dsDNA causes nocifensive...

Exploring common pathogenic association between Epstein Barr virus infection and long-COVID by integrating RNA-Seq and molecular dynamics simulations Kanwal, Ayesha; Zhang, Zhiyong The term "Long-COVID" (LC) is characterized by the aftereffects of COVID-19 infection. Various studies have...

Type I interferons and endoplasmic reticulum stress in health and disease Sprooten; Garg Type I interferons (IFNs) comprise of pro-inflammatory cytokines created, as well as sensed, by all nucleated cells with the main objective of blocking pathogens-driven infections. Owing to this broad range...

Monocyte-Mediated Thrombosis Linked to Circulating Tissue Factor and Immune Paralysis in COVID-19 Sascha N. Goonewardena; Qinzhong Chen; Ashley M. Tate; Olga G. Grushko; Dilna Damodaran; Pennelope K. Blakely; Salim S. Hayek; David J. Pinsky; Robert S. Rosenson BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infections...

[In mice] Introduction: Post-infection syndromes are characterised by fatigue, muscle pain, anhedonia, and cognitive impairment; mechanistic studies exploring these syndromes have focussed on pathways downstream of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 activation. Here, we investigated the mechanistic...

A genetically modulated Toll-like-receptor-tolerant phenotype in peripheral blood cells of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Rehan Khan; Weizhen Ji; Jeisac Guzman-Rivera; Abhilasha Madhvi; Tracy Andrews; Benjamin Richlin; Christian Suarez; Sunanda Gaur; William Cuddy; Aalok R...

Functional Reciprocity of Amyloids and Antimicrobial Peptides: Rethinking the Role of Supramolecular Assembly in Host Defense, Immune Activation, and Inflammation Lee EY; Srinivasan Y; de Anda J; Nicastro LK; Tükel Ç; Wong GCL; Pathological self-assembly is a concept that is classically...

Divergent mechanisms regulate TLR4 expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells following workload-matched exercise in normoxic and hypoxic environments Jeremy B. Ducharme ; Zachary J. McKenna ; Jonathan W. Specht ; Zachary J. Fennel ; Quint N. Berkemeier ; Michael R. Deyhle Exercise...

Background Sarcoidosis patients who develop severe clinical phenotypes of pulmonary fibrosis or multi-organ disease experience debilitating symptoms, with fatigue being a common chief complaint. Studies investigating this patient-related outcome measure (PROM) have employed the Fatigue...

Recognition of herpesviruses by the innate immune system Paludan, Søren R.; Bowie, Andrew G.; Horan, Kristy A.; Fitzgerald, Katherine A. Advances in innate immunity over the past decade have revealed distinct classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect pathogens at the cell...

Respiratory syncytial virus directly binds miR-26, miR-27, and let-7 to de-repress gene targets through canonical and non-canonical mechanisms Sarah Ressel; Sujai Kumar; Jose Roberto Bermudez-Barrientos; Katrina Gordon; Julia Lane; Jin Wu; Cei Abreu-Goodger; Jurgen Schwarze; Amy H Buck Specific...

Influenza vaccination reveals sex dimorphic imprints of prior mild COVID-19 Sparks R, Lau WW, Liu C, Han KL, Vrindten KL, Sun G, Cox M, Andrews SF, Bansal N, Failla LE, Manischewitz J, Grubbs G, King LR, Koroleva G, Leimenstoll S, Snow L; OP11 Clinical Staff; Chen J, Tang J, Mukherjee A, Sellers...

Abstract Platelets play a major role in the processes of primary hemostasis and pathological inflammation-induced thrombosis. In the mid-2000s, several studies expanded the role of these particular cells, placing them in the “immune continuum” and thus changing the understanding of their...

Highlights • Gulf War Veterans with GWI experience PEM. • GWI had significantly lower post-exercise ACTB, COMT, and TLR4 gene expression. • Gene expression did not mediate symptom post-exercise symptom exacerbation. • Post-exercise gene expression differs from responses reported in ME/CFS. •...

LDN Tlr4 inhibition explanation If LDN works via inhibit glia tlr4, does that mean tlr4 is being activated in the first place? So what was activating? Or can inhibiting tlr4 inhibit the common pathways of other signals? For example il1. Tldr, if glia is activated by il1, can inhibit tlr4...

Abstract The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle responsible for the post-translational folding and modification of proteins. Under stress conditions, such as physical exercise, there is accumulation of misfolded proteins. The increased load of proteins in the ER results in ER stress...

2022 has been an auspicious year for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In February, the interferon receptor inhibitor anifrolumab became only the second targeted agent to be approved in Europe for treatment of SLE in more than six decades. A few months later, a 7-year-old Spanish girl who...