Biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, 2021, Hansson

Paywalled—mentions glial activation.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01382-x

Biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases are needed to improve the diagnostic workup in the clinic but also to facilitate the development and monitoring of effective disease-modifying therapies. Positron emission tomography methods detecting amyloid-β and tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease have been increasingly used to improve the design of clinical trials and observational studies. In recent years, easily accessible and cost-effective blood-based biomarkers detecting the same Alzheimer’s disease pathologies have been developed, which might revolutionize the diagnostic workup of Alzheimer’s disease globally. Relevant biomarkers for α-synuclein pathology in Parkinson’s disease are also emerging, as well as blood-based markers of general neurodegeneration and glial activation. This review presents an overview of the latest advances in the field of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. Future directions are discussed regarding implementation of novel biomarkers in clinical practice and trials.

 

Interesting, there is an association with monoclonal antibodies arising from EBV cross-reacting with alpha-synuclein
https://n.neurology.org/content/55/9/1398

 

I wouldn't take too much note of that. A single monoclonal antibody raised against an antigen may by chance cross react with just about anything.

This isa well recognised problem in immunohistochemistry. We once did a study using monoclonals raised against TNFalpha. We got all sorts of weird and wonderful patterns due to chance cross-reactions with endothelial and carbohydrate epitopes etc