Citrullination in health and disease: From physiological function to gene regulation 2025,

[Sly Saint]

Abstract
Protein citrullination involves the deimination of arginine or methylarginine residues in peptide chains to form citrulline by peptidyl arginine deiminases. This process is an important protein post-translational modification that affects molecular structure and function of various proteins, including histones. In recent years, protein citrullination has attracted widespread attention for its influence on gene transcription. Studies on the impact of protein citrullination modification on chromatin structure remodeling and the establishment of gene regulatory networks have made rapid progress. In this review, we briefly summarize the physiological functions of protein citrullination modification. Specifically, we comprehensively outline the latest progress in the study of the role of protein citrullination modification in gene transcription regulation, focusing on the interaction of protein citrullination with other post-translational modifications.

Citrullination in health and disease: From physiological function to gene regulation - ScienceDirect

Citrullination, a transformative protein post-translational modification, is gaining recognition for its wide-ranging impact on cellular function and human disease. This process, driven by the enzyme family known as peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs), converts the amino acid arginine into citrulline, neutralizing its charge and fundamentally altering protein structure and behavior.

Citrullination has far-reaching implications across various physiological systems. It is crucial in maintaining skin integrity, regulating neuronal development, and guiding immune responses. Disruptions in PAD activity or expression are closely linked to conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and a spectrum of cancers. The unique role of PADs in modifying key signaling proteins and regulatory complexes positions them as strategic targets in disease treatment and drug development.

Exploring citrullination as a key regulator of gene expression and disease