Preprint Comparing DNA Methylation Landscapes in Peripheral Blood from [ME/CFS] and Long COVID Patients, 2025, Peppercorn et al

Being mindful of confirmation bias and limitations of this study, I just realized that IRF2BPL is in the same family as IRF2BP2, through which malate/malic acid has been found to downregulate IL-1B response in macrophages under certain pH and ER stress conditions…like you’d also expect to find in active muscle.

Discussion here:https://www.s4me.info/threads/malat...lation-of-inflammation-2024-chen-et-al.43873/

Obviously I’d wait for a more robust study before running away with any conclusions, but just thought it was an interesting connection to note given how much malic acid helps me avoid PEM. The question I can’t answer though is why the effect of malic acid seems to be somewhat dependent on stimulants in me and the handful of others that reported an effect if it is mediated through IRF2BPs
 
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