Background and purpose: Long COVID with regard to the neurological system deserves more attention, as a surge of treated patients are being discharged from the hospital. As the dynamic changes in white matter after two years remain unknown, this characteristic was the focus of this study. Methods: We investigated 17 recovered COVID-19 patients at two years after discharge. Diffusion tensor imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging were performed to identify white matter integrity and changes from one to two years after discharge. Data for 13 revisited healthy controls were collected as a reference. Subscales of the Wechsler Intelligence scale were used to assess cognitive function. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to detect longitudinal changes in 17 recovered COVID-19 patients and 13 healthy controls after one-year follow-up. Correlations between diffusion metrics, cognitive function, and other clinical characteristics (i.e., inflammatory factors) were also analyzed. Results: Longitudinal analysis showed the recovery trends of large-scale brain regions, with small-scale brain region deterioration from one year to two years after SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, persistent white matter abnormalities were noted at two years after discharge. Longitudinal changes of cognitive function showed no group difference. But cross-sectional cognitive difference between recovered COVID-19 patients and revisited HCs was detected. Inflammation levels in the acute stage correlated positively with white matter abnormalities and negatively with cognitive function. Moreover, the more abnormal the white matter was at two years, the greater was the cognitive deficit present. Conclusion: Recovered COVID-19 patients showed longitudinal recovery trends of white matter. But also had persistent white matter abnormalities at two years after discharge. Inflammation levels in the acute stage may be considered predictors of cognition and white matter integrity, and the white matter microstructure acts as a biomarker of cognitive function in recovered COVID-19 patients. These findings provide an objective basis for early clinical intervention. Open access, https://www.thno.org/v13p0724.htm
They would also seem to provide an objective basis for NOT qualifying these patients as "recovered". Somebody please equip every medical researcher with a current dictionary.
But. They have a sticker that says "Quality control passed". That's all the quality control does, slap stickers, but what more could you possibly want? They were treated. Surely that means they were treated. In the sense that some form of treatment was applied, but explicitly meant as a "well, they can't be ill anymore, we treated them and we have stronk magical healing hands and stuff".
There's a template for this speak. There's a history. And it's not like it's a dead language. It's invoked whenever it serves as a means. Well, in that sense, maybe it is like a dead language, Latin. Only this language seems familiar. Is familiar. In part maybe because it's not as old as Latin. This was constructed and refined only a half a century ago. It includes common words, but words with peculiarly different meaning than normal. Words like recovered; majority; tired; secondary; major vs. minor; syndrome - the list is lengthening and evolving with every new disease. It's cheap and cheapening, like a Cracker Jacks Box language. Nevertheless, even without incense waving, there's a flourish, an accent, a theatre, that those fluent know how to intone to help legitimize whatever absurdity they're claiming.
Note to funding agencies and researchers: please apply this level of funding and investigation to the white matter for persons with ME. White matter changes have been found in pwME. A comparison between pwME and pwLCOVID might be useful. As well, a comparison between those who have had ME for a short time vs. those with long term ME could be of interest, and help for the ME community.
