Electrochemical enzyme-based blood ATP and lactate sensor for a rapid and straightforward evaluation of illness severity, 2022, Keine Nishiyama et al

Abstract
This study aimed to develop an electrochemical system for measuring blood ATP and lactate levels in a single format. The ratio of lactate to ATP levels was previously reported to provide an alternative illness severity score. Although severity evaluation is crucial to treat patients with acute disease admitted to intensive care units, no sensors are currently available to simply and rapidly measure ATP and lactate levels using the same detection method.

Therefore, we constructed an integrated sensing system for ATP and lactate using enzymatic reactions and two sets of electrodes integrated into a chip connected to a single potentiostat operated by a microcontroller. The enzymatic system involves adenylate kinase, pyruvate kinase, and pyruvate oxidase for ATP, and lactate oxidase for lactate, both of which produce hydrogen peroxide.

Multiplex enzyme-based reactions were designed to minimize the corresponding operations significantly without enzyme immobilization onto the electrodes. The system was robust in the presence of potentially interfering blood components, such as ascorbate, pyruvate, ADP, urate, and potassium ions. The ATP and lactate levels in the blood were successfully measured using the new sensor with good recoveries.

The analytical results of blood samples obtained using our sensor were in good agreement with those using conventional methods. Integrating electrode-based analysis and a microcontroller-based system saved further operations, enabling the straightforward measurement of ATP and lactate levels within 5 min. The proposed sensor may serve as a useful tool in the management of serious infectious diseases.


https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0956566321008691?via=ihub

 

There seems to a lot of stuff going on this front at least if I'm to trust newsreport headlines. In particular continuous lactate measurement devices (continuous lactate monitors) are starting to become a popular topic especially in professional sports such as cycling https://velo.outsideonline.com/road...portant-revolution-since-heart-rate-monitors/. Currently the discussion is purely theoretical (and probably driven by some good marketing) since theses devices don't really exist yet. Recently, the first devices have started to appear on the market at horrendous prices, but will drop significantly in the months and years to come.

That means no more finger pinpricks would be needed as the devices could be similar to those used in diabetes (continuous glucose monitors). In particular since one measures lactate all the time, it would be very easy to see lactate measurements before, during and post exertion.

I don’t know whether this could turn out to be a tool that would even be remotely useful and it I doubt it would find much, but something that could possibly be very easily done and would be very accessible to all severities if these devices indeed start appearing on the market.