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https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/362
From Viral Infection to Autoimmune Reaction: Exploring the Link between Human Herpesvirus 6 and Autoimmune Diseases
by
Liba Sokolovska
1,*,
Maksims Cistjakovs
1,
Asnate Matroze
2,
Modra Murovska
1and
Alina Sultanova
1,*
1
Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
2
Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2024, 12(2), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020362
Submission received: 10 January 2024 / Revised: 29 January 2024 / Accepted: 7 February 2024 / Published: 9 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Viral Infections and Autoimmunity)
Abstract
The complexity of autoimmunity initiation has been the subject of many studies. Both genetic and environmental factors are essential in autoimmunity development.
Among others, environmental factors include infectious agents.
HHV-6 is a ubiquitous human pathogen with a high global prevalence.
It has several properties suggestive of its contribution to autoimmunity development.
HHV-6 has a broad cell tropism, the ability to establish latency with subsequent reactivation and persistence, and a range of immunomodulation capabilities.
Studies have implicated HHV-6 in a plethora of autoimmune diseases—endocrine, neurological, connective tissue, and others—with some studies even proposing possible autoimmunity induction mechanisms.
HHV-6 can be frequently found in autoimmunity-affected tissues and lesions; it has been found to infect autoimmune-pathology-relevant cells and influence immune responses and signaling.
This review highlights some of the most well-known autoimmune conditions to which HHV-6 has been linked, like multiple sclerosis and autoimmune thyroiditis, and summarizes the data on HHV-6 involvement in autoimmunity development.
Keywords: HHV-6; human herpesvirus 6; autoimmunity; autoimmune disease; multiple sclerosis; systemic sclerosis; inflammatory bowel disease; autoimmune thyroiditis; chronic fatigue syndrome; DIHS/DRESS
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/362
From Viral Infection to Autoimmune Reaction: Exploring the Link between Human Herpesvirus 6 and Autoimmune Diseases
by
Liba Sokolovska
1,*,
Maksims Cistjakovs
1,
Asnate Matroze
2,
Modra Murovska
1and
Alina Sultanova
1,*
1
Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
2
Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2024, 12(2), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020362
Submission received: 10 January 2024 / Revised: 29 January 2024 / Accepted: 7 February 2024 / Published: 9 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Viral Infections and Autoimmunity)
Abstract
The complexity of autoimmunity initiation has been the subject of many studies. Both genetic and environmental factors are essential in autoimmunity development.
Among others, environmental factors include infectious agents.
HHV-6 is a ubiquitous human pathogen with a high global prevalence.
It has several properties suggestive of its contribution to autoimmunity development.
HHV-6 has a broad cell tropism, the ability to establish latency with subsequent reactivation and persistence, and a range of immunomodulation capabilities.
Studies have implicated HHV-6 in a plethora of autoimmune diseases—endocrine, neurological, connective tissue, and others—with some studies even proposing possible autoimmunity induction mechanisms.
HHV-6 can be frequently found in autoimmunity-affected tissues and lesions; it has been found to infect autoimmune-pathology-relevant cells and influence immune responses and signaling.
This review highlights some of the most well-known autoimmune conditions to which HHV-6 has been linked, like multiple sclerosis and autoimmune thyroiditis, and summarizes the data on HHV-6 involvement in autoimmunity development.
Keywords: HHV-6; human herpesvirus 6; autoimmunity; autoimmune disease; multiple sclerosis; systemic sclerosis; inflammatory bowel disease; autoimmune thyroiditis; chronic fatigue syndrome; DIHS/DRESS
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