Genetic defects in the sphingolipid degradation pathway and their effects on microglia in neurodegenerative disease, 2020, Proia et al

Andy · Dec 10, 2020

Highlights
• Sphingolipids are highly expressed in the brain

• Sphingolipids are degraded in lysosomes by a sequence of enzymatic steps

• Sphingolipidoses are caused by defects in sphingolipid degradation pathway genes

• Sphingolipid degradation pathway genetic defects affect microglial functions

• Altered microglial functions promote neurodegeneration in the sphingolipidoses

• Gene variants in the sphingolipid degradation pathway may increase risk for more common neurodegenerative diseases
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Sphingolipids, which function as plasma membrane lipids and signaling molecules, are highly enriched in neuronal and myelin membranes in the nervous system. They are degraded in lysosomes by a defined sequence of enzymatic steps. In the related group of disorders, the sphingolipidoses, mutations in the genes that encode the individual degradative enzymes cause lysosomal accumulation of sphingolipids and often result in severe neurodegenerative disease. Here we review the information indicating that microglia, which actively clear sphingolipid-rich membranes in the brain during development and homeostasis, are directly affected by these mutations and promote neurodegeneration in the sphingolipidoses. We also identify parallels between the sphingolipidoses and more common forms of neurodegeneration, which both exhibit evidence of defective sphingolipid clearance in the nervous system.
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Open access, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0898656820303569

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Genetic defects in the sphingolipid degradation pathway and their effects on microglia in neurodegenerative disease, 2020, Proia et al

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Genetic defects in the sphingolipid degradation pathway and their effects on microglia in neurodegenerative disease, 2020, Proia et al

Andy Committee Member

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