Implications of Innate Immunity in Post-Acute Sequelae of Non-Persistent Viral Infections, 2021, Hirschenberger et al

Abstract

Non-persistent viruses classically cause transient, acute infections triggering immune responses aimed at the elimination of the pathogen. Successful viruses evolved strategies to manipulate and evade these anti-viral defenses. Symptoms during the acute phase are often linked to dysregulated immune responses that disappear once the patient recovers. In some patients, however, symptoms persist or new symptoms emerge beyond the acute phase. Conditions resulting from previous transient infection are termed post-acute sequelae (PAS) and were reported for a wide range of non-persistent viruses such as rota-, influenza- or polioviruses.

Here we provide an overview of non-persistent viral pathogens reported to be associated with diverse PAS, among them chronic fatigue, auto-immune disorders, or neurological complications and highlight known mechanistic details. Recently, the emergence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID highlighted the impact of PAS. Notably, PAS of non-persistent infections often resemble symptoms of persistent viral infections, defined by chronic inflammation. Inflammation maintained after the acute phase may be a key driver of PAS of non-persistent viruses. Therefore, we explore current insights into aberrant activation of innate immune signaling pathways in the post-acute phase of non-persistent viruses. Finally, conclusions are drawn and future perspectives for treatment and prevention of PAS are discussed.

Open access, https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/8/2134/htm

 

is there a tool capable of measuring very low levels of inflammation . if such a tool exists does anyone have the expertise to actually read the information it produces. seriously you cannot get a dozen experts in a room to agree on what mri images of the brain truly show twelve experts four or five different conclusions . the science just isn't there yet .

 

I had a hs-CRP blood test done years ago to measure low levels of inflammation.