Lysozyme Counteracts β-Lactam Antibiotics by Promoting the Emergence of L-Form Bacteria, 2019, Errington et al

Andy · Sep 27, 2019

Highlights

On isotonic media, β-lactams can kill by non-lytic mechanisms

Lysozyme protects from β-lactam killing by enabling L-form escape

Immune cells can convert bacteria to L-forms, protecting them from β-lactams

L-forms could act as persister cells that grow in the presence of β-lactams

Summary
β-lactam antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall assembly and, under classical microbiological culture conditions that are generally hypotonic, induce explosive cell death. Here, we show that under more physiological, osmoprotective conditions, for various Gram-positive bacteria, lysis is delayed or abolished, apparently because inhibition of class A penicillin-binding protein leads to a block in autolytic activity. Although these cells still then die by other mechanisms, exogenous lytic enzymes, such as lysozyme, can rescue viability by enabling the escape of cell wall-deficient “L-form” bacteria. This protective L-form conversion was also observed in macrophages and in an animal model, presumably due to the production of host lytic activities, including lysozyme. Our results demonstrate the potential for L-form switching in the host environment and highlight the unexpected effects of innate immune effectors, such as lysozyme, on antibiotic activity. Unlike previously described dormant persisters, L-forms can continue to proliferate in the presence of antibiotic.
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Open access, https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)30058-8

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Lysozyme Counteracts β-Lactam Antibiotics by Promoting the Emergence of L-Form Bacteria, 2019, Errington et al

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Lysozyme Counteracts β-Lactam Antibiotics by Promoting the Emergence of L-Form Bacteria, 2019, Errington et al

Andy Committee Member

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