Chronic fatigue syndrome (also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome or ME/CFS), is a complex disorder that affects about 2.5 Americans. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that ME/CFS can strike anyone, but it most often occurs among middle-aged Caucasian women.
Chronic fatigue is often mistaken for ME/CFS; yet the two conditions are considerably different. While chronic fatigue can be long-term like ME/CFS, extreme tiredness is usually the main symptom and generally stems from stress, nutritional deficiencies, insomnia, overexertion, depression or another condition. And while the typical ME/CFS patient also experience exhaustion, the Mayo Clinic reports that it’s also typical to have symptoms that can take a lasting toll on your health, such as:
- Disrupted, poor quality sleep
- Extreme fatigue and general malaise after mental or physical exertion that lasts 24 hours or longer
- Difficulty concentrating and remembering information
- Muscle aches, joint pain, headaches
- Enlarged lymph nodes in neck or underarms
- Sore throat
ME/CFS also can co-occur with conditions other conditions including:
- Fibromyalgia
- Chronic pelvic pain and/or Interstitial cystitis
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ)
- Multiple chemical sensitivity
ME/CFS lacks a specific diagnostic test, and its symptoms mimic those of other conditions, making it difficult for doctors to diagnose. If a doctor suspects ME/CFS, they often conduct a wide range of screenings to rule out other illnesses before settling on an ME/CFS diagnosis.
For years, stress was considered the primary culprit in CFS/ME. But over time, experts realized a growing list of issues like early menopause, brain abnormalities, inherited viruses also were possible triggers. But additional National Institutes of Health-funded studies also suggest that disruptions in gut microbes may be a signature for ME/CFS, according to two studies published in
Cell Host & Microbe.