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Yes, Australia actually spends more than many countries despite it's smaller size... UK: https://mrc.ukri.org/about/what-we-do/spending-accountability/facts/ (about $1 billion USD) Australia: https://aamri.org.au/news-events/2019-20-federal-budget-whats-in-it-for-medical-research/ ($730...

Vermeulen 2010 found significant reductions in VO2Peak, but this has not been found in later studies and the image you quoted clearly shows a plot of VO2Max on day 1 vs VO2Max on day 2. As I have explained previously, we cannot assume VO2Peak = VO2Max and I believe this is the reason for the...

Indeed.. But since this article was not approached in a systematic and empirical manner, it could also be considered an exercise in confirmation bias. Reducing everything down to mind-body dualism when that might not have been the intended meaning in the various examples covered. There is...

Quite right, these studies are hard to control properly and many of them have shown both patients and controls having well above average intelligence - or abnormally distributed intelligence, suggesting substantial biases.

I wonder if/when the comments will show up

Click on "article info" for a date https://mh.bmj.com/content/early/2019/06/07/medhum-2018-011588.info

https://mh.bmj.com/content/early/2019/06/07/medhum-2018-011588 Perhaps there is more to come (something from Sharpe?)

Yes, apparently all we have to do is stop paying attention to symptoms and then the symptoms will magically disappear!

I am speculating and would bet a reasonable amount of money on it.

I find this curious as I know some ultramarathoners who can run 500+km in a week... They'd be burning on average about 4000-5000 Cal(kcal) per day on top of their BMR. The implication is this cannot be maintained for 20 weeks...

Here is a youtube playlist of another person before and after the surgery. They have EDS and had the following key symptoms - neck pain, headache, brain fog, severe fatigue, mild hand tremor and ataxia.

A key point still is that Jeff and Jen ended up developing symptoms that are quite atypical of ME or CFS. I don't see why it is controversial to believe that their symptoms were due to CCI and that surgery was the cause of the remission. Perhaps they had rare atypical presentations of CCI -...

It makes me wonder, have there been any animal models of disease that have actually led to effective treatments in humans? I'm guessing the list is quite short?

He's saying that ME does have clear signs. It is only invisible if you don't care to look.

I was specifically referring to the performance at the ventilatory threshold, not VO2Peak. The conclusions that the authors are making about VO2Peak are assuming that patients and controls actually achieved their VO2Max, something which I am sceptical about. Why would we assume that patients...

I think it is important not to speculate as to the reasons why until we are told more details...

Yes, the real placebo effect is a transient reduction in pain due to conditioning of the bodies endorphin system. There is some biological evidence of this. This system has obvious evolutionary advantage, namely being able to temporarily suppress pain for the purpose of escaping danger.

Yes, an RER of 1 or 1.1 or whatever does not indicate that participants have necessarily reached a true VO2Max. To clarify my view, I do believe that the true VO2Max on the second day in patients will be lower than the first day, but methodological constraints means this is hard to capture...

The ventilatory threshold is much more interesting than merely the turning point to anerobic energy production. So much more is going on at that point, including increased neural drive from the brain, recruitment of substantially more muscle fibres and there is also an autonomic response -...

Many patients in these studies were not exercised enough to reach true VO2Max. RER=1.1, age predicted HR etc are merely suggestive. Patients have to be pushed harder in terms of perceived exertion (which is basically central drive) to achieve VO2Max and the level of encouragement etc is...