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Just a note that these figures for specific symptom prevalences may be slightly off, as Table 4 shows prevalences after excluding individuals with certain conditions: It shouldn't change it too much. The full sample of GWV is 1545 individuals. 17% of cases with the symptom of "feeling unwell...

I started reading section "2.2.1. Post-Exertional Malaise in GWI". This is the first sentence about prevalence of PEM in GWI: The study cited is this: Peripheral cholinergic function in humans with chronic fatigue syndrome, Gulf War syndrome and with illness following organophosphate exposure...

It looks like the thesis noted here cites some more recent evidence about GWI and PEM that might be good to dig into:

The million dollar question. This thread has a bit more speculation on that: Gulf War Illness - causes

There's no control group, but they say other studies have shown a prevalence of 4%. I'm not sure why the second paper is cited, from the abstract, but the first one seems to be be studying a sample intentionally chosen to have higher than average rates of sleep disorders, which I think means...

I made a thread for a study that is relevant to looking for similarities between Gulf War illness and ME/CFS: Prevalence and Patterns of Gulf War Illness in Kansas Veterans: Association of Symptoms with Characteristics of Person, Place, and Time of Military Service, 2000, Steele et al The...

Table 3 shows the proportion of Gulf War (PGW) and non-Gulf War (non-PGW) veterans reporting having been diagnosed or treated for a condition by a physician, with new onset after the Gulf War: The highest odds ratio (highlighted by me) is for chronic fatigue syndrome (OR=8.70, 95% CI...

This is a survey study on veterans who had been on active duty in 1990 or 1991. They were split into those who had served in the Persian Gulf War (PGW) and those who had served elsewhere (non-PGW). An impressive >90% of the randomly selected sample who were eligible and could be located...

I'm trying to figure out if ME/CFS or PEM is a characteristic of gulf war illness. This study was cited by Baraniuk 2017 as reference 7:

Prevalence and Patterns of Gulf War Illness in Kansas Veterans: Association of Symptoms with Characteristics of Person, Place, and Time of Military Service Steele, L. Abstract Gulf War veterans have reported health problems that they attribute to their military service, but little is...

Though even if the study is not representative, it does seem to show that at least around 40% of fibromyalgia patients at a rheumatology clinic have sleep apnea. And since at least some of the 60% who didn't participate likely also have sleep apnea, the prevalence is probably higher than that...

"Consecutive" is useful when all of the consecutive patients participate. If less than half of the patients participate based on voluntarily choosing to do a sleep study, then it's not representative, and is probably skewed to people with sleep issues.

I thought it'd be worth looking at this study, noted by @nataliezzz in another thread as showing a very high prevalence of sleep disorders in fibromyalgia:

Sleep-Disordered Breathing Among Women With Fibromyalgia Syndrome Shah, Mansi A.; Feinberg, Stanford; Krishnan, Eswar Background In clinical practice, polysomnograms (“sleep studies”) are seldom ordered for patients with fibromyalgia, although sleep issues dominate the symptom complex. One...

I'll also note that while 15/18 had AHI >= 5 in the observational portion, in this trial one more participant reached that threshold, making it 16/18 with AHI >= 5. After accounting for one participant who dropped out before the trial, 7/8 participants receiving active CPAP had obstructive sleep...

My focus is on standard criteria because it is already treatable, meaning anyone could have correctly guessed the result of the trial before it happened. So I don't see the trial as providing evidence for any novel hypotheses.

If 90% of people with insomnia had OSA, then I'd say they should get treated and if they don't have insomnia anymore then OSA may have been causing their insomnia. If a representative sample of GWI had increased rates of sleep disorders compared to the general population matched for BMI, then...

I count 9/11 with AHI less than 5 in table 3. I just can not see what these demonstrate that would be useful for UARS. Unless the majority of people with GWI have OSA, which I doubt, this isn't representative of GWI. It seems to be very selected for people with diagnosable sleep problems that...

Pipeline-optimized machine learning for chronic fatigue syndrome diagnosis: A lightweight, interpretable model using blood biochemical and metabolomic data [Line breaks added] Introduction and Background Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating multisystem disorder with persistent...

Pointed out by nataliezzz in the thread for the trial on the same participants: Okay, I see now in the table in post #3 that nearly all cases fulfilled criteria for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nearly all controls didn't. (Also, the data for % flow limited for one of the two controls with...