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Presentation of this study at CROI conference: 337 – Vitamins K2 and D3 Improve Long COVID Index, Fungal Translocation, and Inflammatory Biomarkers Ornina Atieh, Jhony Baissary, Jared C. Durieux, Danielle Labbato, Marc Abboud, Ziad Koberssy, Joviane Daher, Kate Ailstock, Morgan Cummings...

340 – Monocyte Dysregulation in PASC With Ongoing Pulmonary Symptoms Thomas K. Awamura, Stefanos Giannakopoulos, Dominic C. Chow, Cecilia M. Shikuma, Gehan Devendra, Vedbar Khadka, Juwon Park Background As the number of COVID-19 survivors amongst the global population continues to rise, the...

918 – HIV Infection and Long COVID: A RECOVER Program, EHR-Based Cohort Study Kellie L. Hawkins, Dima Dandachi, Colby Lewis, M. Daniel Brannock, Zoe Verzani, Saajjad Abedian, Sohrab Jaferian, Shannon Wuller, Jennifer Truong, Margot Gage Witvliet, Kristen Marks, Edward M. Gardner, Ighovwerha...

The original paper seems worth a thread, so I made one: Glucocorticoid treatment during COVID-19 infection: does it affect the incidence of long COVID?, 2024, Specktor et al

There was a response to this paper which @Nightsong summarized: The association between glucocorticoids and long COVID (2025, Inflammopharmacology)

Glucocorticoid treatment during COVID-19 infection: does it affect the incidence of long COVID? Polina Specktor, Dana Hadar & Hilla Cohen Published: 03 October 2024 Background Long COVID (LC) is a frequent complication of COVID infection. It usually results in cognitive impairment, myalgia...

Thanks!

Well, she still says it could be caused by an antigen. But the other expected signs are missing, so maybe a weird response to an antigen, or maybe something yet unknown. I haven't been able to find much else about this gene other than being increased in response to certain antigens (like...

Oh thank you, that's really nice.

Oh there's a final discussion at the end of the thesis with a bit more of where to go from here, but still basically says that it's unclear what it means (line breaks added):

Yeah, I mainly wanted to read the thesis to see if it included any more speculation about the implication of this finding, because I don't know what to make of it other than "interesting" either, but it basically only says:

I can try to give you the absolute basics, as I understand them, at least. B cells have B cell receptors (BCRs) sticking out of their surface. Each B cell randomly generates a BCR from a collection of V, D, and J genes. (Each B cell has many identical BCRs.) There are a huge number of possible...

Thread for Audrey Ryback's thesis which includes the same data as this paper, plus a couple other non-ME/CFS B cell repertoire related investigations: Sequencing B cell receptor repertoires in human disease: applications in ME/CFS and in experimental malaria infection, 2024, Ryback

So these B cells are from the same participants whose T cells were studied here, where no differences were found: S4ME link: Comparison of T-cell Receptor Diversity of people with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis versus controls (2024, BMC Research Notes)

That paper has the same data as this thesis. Edit: But this thesis has a couple other B cell repertoire related investigations, one in malaria.

Some interesting things I didn't know before (links to S4ME threads for references): The same HLA alleles increased risk of ME/CFS and predicted greater efficacy of cyclophosphamide: One mild/moderate ME/CFS sample was excluded because they possibly had lymphoma. I wonder if they were able...

They said:

Deadline News: 'Campaigners to hand out thousands of leaflets to raise awareness about long COVID, five years since the pandemic began'

Paywalled and no abstract, but maybe there's something interesting in this: The association between glucocorticoids and long COVID (2025, Inflammopharmacology)