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The paragraph describing RTHM at the bottom: They don't seem to mention that they prescribe medications in the list of services they offer.

A long list of treatments presented as helpful, mainly based on the TREATME online survey: Probably helpful for RTHM's business:

Chao, L. L., Sullivan, K., Krengel, M. H., Killiany, R. J., Steele, L., Klimas, N. G., & Koo, B. B. (2023). The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in Gulf War veterans: a follow-up study. Front Neurosci, 17, 1301066. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1301066 The cited paper is about mild...

See thread: https://www.s4me.info/threads/the-entities-enabling-scientific-fraud-at-scale-are-large-resilient-and-growing-rapidly-2025-richardson-et-al.45466/

Unstandardized could be good too if you want to make predictions. Like in a correlation of height and vitamin intake, it'd be good to know how much taller for every additional gram of a vitamin. But yeah, there's also standardized coefficients, which are unitless. Though I think in the case of...

Real? In what way would it not be a real disorder if it only happened when a person smelled the chemical? For all we know, PEM is only triggered because of "knowing" that exertion is happening, and if someone in a coma artificially had their muscles stimulated, nothing may happen.

Note that the slope depends on what units they used. For this one, I think it's(change in Chalder fatigue score)/(change in hair cortisol (picograms per milligram of hair)). (How much does the fatigue score change for a change of 1 picogram cortisol/milligram hair.) If they had used nanograms...

Is it possible for gene expression to change in virtually all cell types from a common signal, but in this case the symptom would only be evident in smell?

This is on chronic fatigue, not ME/CFS, but it still may be interesting: The association between hair cortisol levels, Epstein-Barr virus infections and chronic fatigue in adolescents, 2026, Kongsnes, Wyller et al No association of pre-infection hair cortisol with 6 month chronic fatigue...

Just a note that I think @bicentennial was just linking to other papers about GLP-1s. As far as I can tell, that's the only connection to Afrin and Blitshteyn.

Maybe the wording of the criteria posted above could be improved to not imply causality, but it doesn't sound all that different from ME/CFS, just with random chemicals instead of exertion. And probably different timeline and effects. But the criteria doesn't seem to imply that any specific...

I assume they mean attributed by the patient, in which case it doesn't sound that different from how ME/CFS could plausibly be described:

The ME/CFS mention:

Odd write-up, since the paper doesn't seem to be nearly as optimistic. They show this figure, that looks like a lot of noise to me. I assume the p-values are uncorrected. The actual figure in the supplemental file has no p-values, I assume because they realize this is noise. I wonder where...

Prevalence of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity in Canada Between 2000 and 2020 Robins, Stephanie; Molot, John; Peris, Rohini Abstract Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) describes an acquired condition characterized by recurrent, non-specific symptoms attributed to previously tolerated chemical...

Developing a platform protocol for clinical trials evaluating interventions that target proposed mechanisms of Long COVID: RECOVER-VITAL Background Long COVID, the chronic sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection, has affected millions of people worldwide. However, its pathogenesis and treatment remain...

Dissecting Cellular Models and Tau Etiology in Gulf War Illness Kendra L. Case Advisors: Peter W. Baas, Anna Denise R. Garcia [Line breaks added] Abstract A third of all United States veterans deployed in the first Gulf War (GW) have developed Gulf War Illness (GWI), a chronic...

It's possible there's a real effect here. It's just that the p-values are lower than they should be (i.e. if they took into account the repeated measurements). But they seem to have published many papers showing consistent direction of effect. Assuming they're publishing all the evidence, the...

The Supplementary File of this paper has a couple lists of prior studies that might provide good reading material on this topic. The tables are called: Table S18. Methods and results of prior epidemiologic and clinical studies of the association of chemical weapons with GWI Table S19. Prior...

That's at least what another GWI paper seemed to say: - https://www.s4me.info/threads/pon1-status-in-relation-to-gulf-war-illness-evidence-of-gene–exposure-interactions-from-a-multisite-case–control-study…-2024-steele-klimas.40014/