cns

Effects of spaceflight on the brain Rachael D Seidler; Xiao Wen Mao; Grant D Tays; Tianyi Wang; Peter zu Eulenburg SUMMARY The number of long duration human spaceflights has increased substantially over the past 15 years, leading to the discovery of numerous effects on the CNS. Microgravity...

The neurobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection Meinhardt, Jenny; Streit, Simon; Dittmayer, Carsten; Manitius, Regina v.; Radbruch, Helena; Heppner, Frank L. Worldwide, over 694 million people have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, with an estimated 55–60% of those infected developing COVID-19. Since the...

COVID-19 Induces Neuroinflammation and Suppresses Peroxisomes in the Brain A. Roczkowsky; D. Limonta; J. P. Fernandes; W. G. Branton; M. Clarke; B. Hlavay; R. S. Noyce; J. T. Joseph; N. S. Ogando; S. K. Das; M. Elaish; N. Arbour; D. H. Evans; K. Langdon; T. C. Hobman; C. Power Objective...

Fibrinogen in neurological diseases: mechanisms, imaging and therapeutics Petersen, Mark A.; Ryu, Jae Kyu; Akassoglou, Katerina The blood coagulation protein fibrinogen is deposited in the brain in a wide range of neurological diseases and traumatic injuries with blood–brain barrier (BBB)...

SARS-CoV-2 RNA Persists in the Central Nervous System of Non-Human Primates Despite Clinical Recovery Abstract Adverse neurological and psychiatric outcomes, collectively termed the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), persist in adults clinically recovered from COVID-19...

Differential effects of SARS-CoV-2 variants on central nervous system cells and blood–brain barrier functions Background Although mainly causing a respiratory syndrome, numerous neurological symptoms have been identified following of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, how the virus affects the...

Perivascular spaces and their role in neuroinflammation Benjamin V. Ineichen; Serhat V. Okar; Steven T. Proulx; Britta Engelhardt; Hans Lassmann; Daniel S. Reich It is uncontested that perivascular spaces play critical roles in maintaining homeostasis and priming neuroinflammation. However...

The Glymphatic System: A Beginner’s Guide Jessen, Nadia Aalling; Munk, Anne Sofie Finmann; Lundgaard, Iben; Nedergaard, Maiken The glymphatic system is a recently discovered macroscopic waste clearance system that utilizes a unique system of perivascular tunnels, formed by astroglial cells, to...

Brain borders at the central stage of neuroimmunology Rustenhoven, Justin; Kipnis, Jonathan The concept of immune privilege suggests that the central nervous system is isolated from the immune system. However, recent studies have highlighted the borders of the central nervous system as central...

Neurovascular coupling is the concept that in the CNS, organ function is tightly associated with blood flow, moreso than in other organs. Theoretical background and latest thinking — From the introduction in The Neurovascular Unit Coming of Age: A Journey through Neurovascular Coupling in...

The Pathological Activation of Microglia Is Modulated by Sexually Dimorphic Pathways O'Connor, Jennifer L.; Nissen, Jillian C. Microglia are the primary immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Their ability to survey, assess and respond to perturbations in their local...

Myelin lipid metabolism and its role in myelination and myelin maintenance Barnes-Vélez JA, Aksoy Yasar FB, Hu J Myelin is a specialized cell membrane indispensable for rapid nerve conduction. The high abundance of membrane lipids is one of myelin's salient features that contribute to its...

A Brief Overview of the Cerebrospinal Fluid System and Its Implications for Brain and Spinal Cord Diseases Thea Overgaard Wichmann, Helle Hasager Damkier, Michael Pedersen A comprehensive understanding of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system is essential for our understanding of health and...

Direction and magnitude of cerebrospinal fluid flow vary substantially across central nervous system diseases Per Kristian Eide, Lars Magnus Valnes, Erika Kristina Lindstrøm, Kent-Andre Mardal, Geir Ringstad Background Respiration-induced pressure changes represent a powerful driving force of...

The central nervous systems proteogenomic and spatial imprint upon systemic viral infections with SARS-CoV-2 In COVID-19 neurological alterations are noticed during the systemic viral infection. Various pathophysiological mechanisms on the central nervous system (CNS) have been suggested in...

Microglia regulate central nervous system myelin growth and integrity McNamara, Niamh B, Munro, David A. D, Bestard-Cuche, Nadine, Uyeda, Akiko, Bogie, Jeroen F. J, Hoffmann, Alana, Holloway, Rebecca K, Molina-Gonzalez, Irene, Askew, Katharine E, Mitchell, Stephen, Mungall, William, Dodds...

FGF21 acts centrally to induce sympathetic nerve activity, energy expenditure, and weight loss Bryn M. Owen, Xunshan Ding, Donald A. Morgan, Katie Colbert Coate, Angie L. Bookout, Kamal Rahmouni, Steven A. Kliewer, David J. Mangelsdorf The mechanism by which pharmacologic administration of the...

The impact of viral infections on the brain has been long studied in the context of rabies, herpes simplex, HIV, measles, and a few other viruses that target the organ directly, but little has been known about indirect effects of viral infections. This specific research has been boosted though...

Eric Song, Christopher M. Bartley, Ryan D. Chow, Thomas T. Ngo, Ruoyi Jiang, Colin R. Zamecnik, Ravi Dandekar, Rita P. Loudermilk, Yile Dai, Feimei Liu, Sara Sunshine, Jamin Liu, Wesley Wu, Isobel A. Hawes, Bonny D. Alvarenga, Trung Huynh, Lindsay McAlpine, Nur-Taz Rahman, Bertie Geng, Jennifer...

Article in Journal of Neurology. Abstract Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), a disorder of the autonomic nervous system characterized by a rise in heart rate of at least 30 bpm from supine to standing position, has been traditionally viewed as a dysfunction of the peripheral...