A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults

Dolphin · Nov 16, 2018

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https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07019-x

A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults

Lea B. S. Hansen,

Henrik M. Roager,

Oluf Pedersen

Nature Communications
volume 9, Article number: 4630 (2018)

Abstract

Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders with two 8-week interventions comparing a low-gluten diet (2 g gluten per day) and a high-gluten diet (18 g gluten per day), separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet (12 g gluten per day). We find that, in comparison with a high-gluten diet, a low-gluten diet induces moderate changes in the intestinal microbiome, reduces fasting and postprandial hydrogen exhalation, and leads to improvements in self-reported bloating. These observations suggest that most of the effects of a low-gluten diet in non-coeliac adults may be driven by qualitative changes in dietary fibres.
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A low-gluten diet results in weight loss
We did not find any differences in measures of glucose and lipid metabolism (Supplementary Table 7). However, we found a decrease in body weight, on average 0.8 ± 0.3 kg, following the low-gluten dieting for 8-week compared with the high-gluten diet period (Fig. 5a; P = 0.012, linear mixed model).
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