Cluster and survival analysis of UK biobank data reveals associations between physical multimorbidity clusters and subsequent depression 2025 DeLong+

[Andy]

Abstract

Background
Multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of two or more conditions within an individual, is a growing challenge for health and care delivery as well as for research. Combinations of physical and mental health conditions are highlighted as particularly important. Here, we investigated associations between physical multimorbidity and subsequent depression.

Methods
We performed a clustering analysis upon physical morbidity data for UK Biobank participants aged 37–73. Of 502,353 participants, 142,005 had linked general practice data with at least one baseline physical condition. Following stratification by sex (77,785 women; 64,220 men), we used four clustering methods and selected the best-performing based on clustering metrics. We used Fisher’s Exact test to determine significant over-/under-representation of conditions within each cluster. Amongst people with no prior depression, we used survival analysis to estimate associations between cluster-membership and time to subsequent depression diagnosis.

Results
Our results show that the k-modes models perform best, and the over-/under-represented conditions in the resultant clusters reflect known associations. For example, clusters containing an overrepresentation of cardiometabolic conditions are amongst the largest (15.5% of whole cohort, 19.7% of women, 24.2% of men). Cluster associations with depression vary from hazard ratio 1.29 (95% confidence interval 0.85–1.98) to 2.67 (2.24–3.17), but almost all clusters show a higher association with depression than those without physical conditions.

Conclusions
We show that certain groups of physical multimorbidity may be associated with a higher risk of subsequent depression. However, our findings invite further investigation into other factors, such as social considerations, which may link physical multimorbidity with depression.

Open access

 

[Utsikt]

However, our findings invite further investigation into other factors, such as social considerations, which may link physical multimorbidity with depression.

Nice to see that they acknowledge that it’s just a correlation and that it might be dependent on other confounding factors.

 

[Sean]

Conclusions
We show that certain groups of physical multimorbidity may be associated with a higher risk of subsequent depression. However, our findings invite further investigation into other factors, such as social considerations, which may link physical multimorbidity with depression.​

Nice to see somebody heading in the right direction, asking the right questions.

There is a major psychosocial pathology at work in ME/CFS alright, but it is a secondary contingent one: The way patients are treated (mistreated) by the medical profession, and hence the rest of society.

 

[Adrian]

Amongst people with no prior depression, we used survival analysis to estimate associations between cluster-membership and time to subsequent depression diagnosis.

I wasn't clear how they are labelling depression diagnosis. We know things like HADS can be confusing as they have questions around are you doing less (which can be for other health reasons). If they are taking a doctors diagnosis then I would wonder if the are depression diagnoses prior to finding the cause of symptoms (i.e. GPs handing out anti depressants) - although the survival analysis (subsequent depression diagnosis) should deal with that.