Softgel capsules — the smooth, easy-to-swallow form of many medications and
supplements — are increasingly popular for delivering everything from
vitamins to omega-3s. These capsules, made of a liquid centre inside a soft, flexible shell, offer convenience and effectiveness. But they’ve also come under growing scrutiny for one surprising reason: plasticisers.
To make the capsule shell soft and pliable, manufacturers often use plasticisers – chemicals called phthalates. While these help with flexibility and durability, they’re also linked to a range of health concerns.
Phthalates are known as endocrine disruptors – substances that can interfere with hormone systems. Studies, particularly in animals, suggest they can affect reproductive development, fertility and hormone balance.
Some human studies have found associations with birth defects, allergies in children and even heart disease. But scientists are still trying to fully understand the risks, and how much exposure is too much.
One difficulty in assessing phthalate safety is that there isn’t just one type. Phthalates are a large family of chemicals, each with different properties and risks. Not all are used in softgels, and many of the highest exposures come from other everyday sources such as vinyl flooring, shower curtains, perfumes and air fresheners.
