Preprint Immune Cell Exhaustion and Apoptotic Markers in Major Depressive Disorder: Effects of in Vitro Cannabidiol Administration, 2024, Rachayon et al

[forestglip]

Immune Cell Exhaustion and Apoptotic Markers in Major Depressive Disorder: Effects of in Vitro Cannabidiol Administration.

Muanpetch Rachayon, Ketsupar Jirakran, Pimpayao Sodsai, Chawit Tunvirachaisakul, Atapol Sughondhabirom, Yingqian Zhang, Jing Li, Michael Maes

Background
Immune dysregulation is a component of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Cannabidiol (CBD) has immunomodulatory and putative antidepressant effects. The relationship between apoptotic and exhaustion immune markers and the clinical features of MDD and the effects of CBD on these markers are still unknown.

Objectives
To assess pro-apoptotic (CD95) and T cell exhaustion (TIM3) markers on immune cells in patients with MDD, as well as the impact of in vitro CBD administration on these markers.

Methods
We recruited healthy controls and MDD patients and evaluated the immunophenotypes of T/B lymphocytes using flow cytometry in unstimulated and anti-CD3/CD28 stimulated conditions. We evaluated the immune profiles of M1 macrophages, T helper (Th)17 cells, immune-inflammatory response system (IRS), T cell proliferation, and immune-related neurotoxicity (IRN). We investigated the in vitro effects of CBD on immune cell subsets at concentrations of 0.1 ug/mL, 1 ug/mL, and 10.0 ug/mL.

Results
The stimulated CD3+CD95+ cell percentages were substantially correlated with the number of depressive episodes, recurrence of illness, and suicidal behaviors.

The stimulated CD8+TIM-3+ cell percentages were substantially and inversely associated with the M1, IRS, CIRS, T cell growth, and IRN immune profiles.

TIM-3+ bearing CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ cells were significantly suppressed by lower CBD concentrations (0.1 to 1 ug/mL). TIM3+ and all CD95+ bearing cells, with the exception of CD3+CD95+, were suppressed by the higher CBD concentrations.

Discussion: Aberrations in immune checkpoint molecular processes impact the features of MDD. CBD significantly impacts apoptotic and exhaustion processes thereby possibly interfering with immune homeostasis.

Link | PDF (MedRxiv) [Preprint]

 

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The senior author has an MEpedia page.

Michael Maes, M.D., Ph.D., developed the Neuro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Fatigue (NIOF) Theory as a cause for ME/CFS.[1]

His special interests include: Behavorial Systems Biology, major depression, inflammatory illnesses and chronic fatigue syndrome.[5]

In 2015, Maes developed a new case definition of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) called Neuro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Fatigue (NIOF) "based on pattern recognition methods and using neuro-immune, inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (neuro-IO&NS) biomarkers as external validating criteria." These biomarkers include "IgM / IgA responses against LPS (lipopolysaccharides) of gut commensal bacteria (leaky gut), IgM responses to O&NS modified neoepitopes, autoimmunity to serotonin, plasma interleukin-1 (IL-1) and serum neopterin." Maes sees a "significant overlap between NIOF and chronic fatigue syndrome although NIOF criteria were much more restrictive."[1]

Professor Maes proposes the ME/CFS, as well as other chronic diseases, can be treated by lessening the Neuro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Fatigue with foods and supplements that decrease inflammation and repair leaky gut such as curcumin, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), glutamine, zinc, and omega-3 fats.[3]

Also quite a lot of ME/CFS papers on there from him.

 

[InitialConditions]

The senior author has an MEpedia page.






Also quite a lot of ME/CFS papers on there from him.

He has been discussed at length on the forum. He's a one-man paper mill, and I wouldn't trust that anything he writes is of value.