Columbia immunologist Dusan Bogunovic is developing a
universal antiviral therapy inspired by a
rare genetic mutation (ISG15 deficiency) that grants a few individuals natural resistance to all viruses. These people show
persistent antiviral inflammation but do
not get sick from viruses like flu or chickenpox, despite evidence of exposure.
Bogunovic’s new experimental therapy
mimics this immune effect temporarily, delivering
10 specific mRNAs (instead of disabling ISG15) via
lipid nanoparticles, similar to
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. In tests on
mice and hamsters, it
prevented viral replication of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 and
reduced disease severity.
The approach could offer
broad protection in future pandemics, even against unknown viruses, and may be used to
protect high-risk groups like healthcare workers and nursing home residents. However,
challenges remain, including
optimizing delivery and dosage for human use and extending the protection, currently estimated to last
3–4 days.
“We were not looking for an antiviral,” Bogunovic says, “but the studies have inspired the potential development of a universal antiviral for everyone.”