Published the year after the SGPS, a large-scale randomised controlled trial
(known as the PACE trial
11
) showed that, when combined with specialist medical
care, some people with mild/moderate* ME-CFS had, at 52 weeks, moderately
improved after taking part in graded exercise therapy (GET) or CBT.
*People with ME-CFS who were house or bedbound, ie. the more severely
affected, did not take part in this trial.
However, several large surveys of ME-CFS patients by Action for M.E. and other
ME-CFS organisations show that many patients reported that GET and, to a
lesser extent CBT, caused them harm. Clearly there’s a discrepancy here which
could be caused in part by the physical therapies referred to in previous surveys
not being so clearly defined or professionally provided. It is also possible that
therapies such as GET are only suitable for a specific sub-group of patients.
Feedback from patients includes being told to undertake activities that are
inappropriate given their condition such as joining a gym or pushing
themselves beyond their physical capabilities too hard or too soon.
Therapies
for people with ME-CFS should only be applied by appropriately trained
professionals who have experience in dealing with the illness
.
12
Experienced therapists tell us that most people they see with ME-CFS are
undertaking too much for their physical state and require support to draw back
on activities and pace. Specialist ME-CFS clinics (see p 12) such as those in
Lothian and Newcastle are now offering GET and CBT strongly underpinned by
pacing support.
12
Their approach is to start patients on a very low, stable baseline of activity
before cautiously introducing small increases in gentle movements and
activities for those who wish. Although commonly called GET, this approach is
more akin to graded activity management than to the rigid programmes to
which ME-CFS patients have sometimes been exposed.
Specialists such as Dr Nancy Klimas are increasingly focusing on the exercise
threshold at which people with ME-CFS energy producing metabolism switches
from aerobic to anaerobic (where the body’s demand for oxygen outstrips
supply). This threshold can be extremely low for people with M.E. and
research
13
suggests that oxygen depletion and the build-up of lactic acid in
muscles associated with frequent switching may be key elements of the PEM
experienced by ME-CFS patients.
CBT
It’s important to reassure patients that offering CBT does not imply that the
underlying cause of the ME-CFS is psychological. The therapist delivering CBT
must have an up-to-date understanding of ME-CFS and its impact on patients.
CBT can be particularly helpful for those who find it difficult to pace their
mental and physical activity. It can also help them to find ways of coping with
issues such as demoralisation, frustration, guilt, anxiety, panic and depression,
and to feel more in control of the illness rather than controlled by it.