Predictors of Cardiovascular Symptoms Among Long COVID Patients: Data from the Polish Long COVID Cardiovascular, 2025, Kapusta et al

Predictors of Cardiovascular Symptoms Among Long COVID Patients: Data from the Polish Long COVID Cardiovascular

Joanna Kapusta, Siamala Sinnadurai, Mateusz Babicki, Żaneta Kałuzińska-Kołat, Wouter C. Meijers, Damian Kołat, Olivier C. Manintveld, Piotr Jankowski, Michał Chudzik

Background and aims
Long COVID symptoms persist globally, with a notable rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD) among COVID-19 survivors, including those without prior risk factors or hospitalizations. This study aims to identify predictors of cardiovascular-related Long COVID symptoms.

Methods
This study included subjects with post-SARS-CoV-2 infections, categorizing them into three groups: non-Long COVID (non-LC), Long COVID (LC), and Long COVID with cardiovascular symptoms (cardio-LC) as part of the Polish Long COVID Cardiovascular (PoLoCOV-CVD) study collected between the years 2020 and 2022, comprising 4000 participants. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to report the prevalence and determinants of quality of life in cardio-LC, based on patient self-reported data including comorbidities and medications.

Results
Of the 704 patients analyzed, 71.9% were female with a median age of 54 years (IQR: 45–64). Cardio-LC patients had statistically significant differences relative to the non-LC group in terms of blood pressure, elevated LDL cholesterol (p = 0.010), and non-HDL cholesterol (p = 0.013). In addition, cardio-LC patients were more likely to be female (p < 0.001) who exhibited psychological conditions, such as sleep disturbances (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), and depression (p < 0.001) compared to the non-LC group. However, the multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that only the female gender and sleep disturbances remained an independent predictor associated with cardio-LC (OR: 1.66, CI 1.12–2.46; OR: 1.742, CI 1.12–2.70) compared to participants without Long COVID.

Conclusions
The significant positive association of female gender and sleep disturbances with cardiovascular complications during Long COVID highlights critical demographic and psychological factors that deserve attention in clinical practice.

Link | PDF (Journal of Clinical Medicine) [Open Access]

 

When did sleep disturbances become psychological?!

 

Was it the sleep disturbances or female gender that was seen as psychological? (Or both.)

 

That’s a savage line!

Luckily the conclusion describes gender as demographic. But it wouldn’t put it past certain people to conclude that the gender influences the psyche.

 

Circular unreasoning given that 'anxiety' and 'depression' scores always involve asking about common symptoms, which just so conveniently happen to strongly overlap with the most common symptoms of illness. So symptoms correlate with having symptoms. Genius stuff. But if you want to know what they mean by anxiety score and depression score, you just have to take their word for it because they don't mention what questionnaire they used. Also they didn't report them correctly anyway, with both cohorts scoring exactly 2.0 on both ratings. I guess they didn't bother changing the placeholder values they put during drafting.

Honestly, the old phrenologists and 'scientific racists' had nothing on those fools. This is truly the golden age of pseudoscience. At this rate this wellness scam industry will overtake actual health care in size if this continues. We are basically committing civilization suicide with this crap.

 

Males can have heart problems, females have a tranquilizer deficiency.