The Role of Heparin in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome and Other Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19
Gómez-Moyano, Elisabeth; Pavón-Morón, Javier; Rodríguez-Capitán, Jorge; Bardán-Rebollar, Daniel; Ramos-Carrera, Teresa; Villalobos-Sánchez, Aurora; Pérez de Pedro, Iván; Ruiz-García, Francisco J.; Mora-Robles, Javier; López-Sampalo, Almudena; Pérez-Velasco, Miguel A.; Bernal-López, Maria-Rosa; Gómez-Huelgas, Ricardo; Jiménez-Navarro, Manuel; Romero-Cuevas, Miguel; Costa, Francesco; Trenas, Alicia; Pérez-Belmonte, Luis M.
The therapeutic management and short-term consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are well known. However, COVID-19 post-acute sequelae are less known and represent a public health problem worldwide. Patients with COVID-19 who present post-acute sequelae may display immune dysregulation, a procoagulant state, and persistent microvascular endotheliopathy that could trigger microvascular thrombosis. These elements have also been implicated in the physiopathology of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, a frequent sequela in post-COVID-19 patients. These mechanisms, directly associated with post-acute sequelae, might determine the thrombotic consequences of COVID-19 and the need for early anticoagulation therapy. In this context, heparin has several potential benefits, including immunomodulatory, anticoagulant, antiviral, pro-endothelial, and vascular effects, that could be helpful in the treatment of COVID-19 post-acute sequelae.
In this article, we review the evidence surrounding the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 and the potential benefits of the use of heparin, with a special focus on the treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.
Link | PDF (Journal of Clinical Medicine) [Open Access]
Gómez-Moyano, Elisabeth; Pavón-Morón, Javier; Rodríguez-Capitán, Jorge; Bardán-Rebollar, Daniel; Ramos-Carrera, Teresa; Villalobos-Sánchez, Aurora; Pérez de Pedro, Iván; Ruiz-García, Francisco J.; Mora-Robles, Javier; López-Sampalo, Almudena; Pérez-Velasco, Miguel A.; Bernal-López, Maria-Rosa; Gómez-Huelgas, Ricardo; Jiménez-Navarro, Manuel; Romero-Cuevas, Miguel; Costa, Francesco; Trenas, Alicia; Pérez-Belmonte, Luis M.
The therapeutic management and short-term consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are well known. However, COVID-19 post-acute sequelae are less known and represent a public health problem worldwide. Patients with COVID-19 who present post-acute sequelae may display immune dysregulation, a procoagulant state, and persistent microvascular endotheliopathy that could trigger microvascular thrombosis. These elements have also been implicated in the physiopathology of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, a frequent sequela in post-COVID-19 patients. These mechanisms, directly associated with post-acute sequelae, might determine the thrombotic consequences of COVID-19 and the need for early anticoagulation therapy. In this context, heparin has several potential benefits, including immunomodulatory, anticoagulant, antiviral, pro-endothelial, and vascular effects, that could be helpful in the treatment of COVID-19 post-acute sequelae.
In this article, we review the evidence surrounding the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 and the potential benefits of the use of heparin, with a special focus on the treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.
Link | PDF (Journal of Clinical Medicine) [Open Access]
