Trial By Error: Professor Jonathan Edwards’ View of ME (includes discussion of exercise and long-term harm)

I think it would be counterproductive to try to engage with comments on Virology blog. The place for rational discussion is here, I think.

The point about brain lesions on imaging is intriguing. I think there is a false argument involved.
As I understand it:

1. The epidemic at the Royal Free, and maybe also in Iceland and elsewhere, was said to include cases of paralysis and also perhaps some cranial nerve lesions.

2. Paralysis occurs in poliomyelitis because of lower motor neurone cell body damage in the cord and is flaccid (floppy).

3. Perhaps because of other neurological findings as well as paralysis at Royal Free it was suggested that it might be due to an infection that produced not just myelitis but encephalitis as well - encephalomyelitis.

4. When encephalitis produces paralysis it is always (long term) a spastic paralysis. As far as I know none of the RF cases had spastic paralysis and nobody with ME since has been found to have spastic paralysis.

5. So the reason for calling ME encephalomyelitis was based on a mistake. It was not based on finding brain lesions on scans because there were no scans then. It was based on an inference of brain lesions that in hindsight was not good neurology.

6. So there is no reason to think that brain lesions on scans in any way point to a diagnosis of ME. If anything the presence of brain lesions in someone with clinical ME points to them having some other undiagnosed encephalopathy, not the illness Ramsay reported. The illness Ramsay reported did not include evidence of brain lesions.

So is the illness we (or most here) have the same as what Ramsey found, something which overlaps it, or something different but related? I didn’t include ‘entirely different and unrelated’ because of the similarity of several unusual symptoms, specifically worsening for sometimes a long period after attempting normal activity.
 
So is the illness we (or most here) have the same as what Ramsey found, something which overlaps it, or something different but related? I didn’t include ‘entirely different and unrelated’ because of the similarity of several unusual symptoms, specifically worsening for sometimes a long period after attempting normal activity.

I think the illness people have now is probably the same as or similar to the long term illness Ramsay described. I think the initial acute epidemic illness with neurological features that are hard to interpret is a red herring other than that it may have been one of lots of infections that can precipitate ME.
 
Behan tracked most of them down and found most though I do not know how many ) had recurrent/ lingering illness for the rest of their lives

It is interesting to hear Behan make the slightly surprising statement that these patients were all completely healthy and yet were fatigued. I presume that by completely heathy he means that they had no neurological signs. We will never know but I think we have assume that there was never any evidence of spastic paralysis and therefore no evidence of encephalitis. Even if paralysis due to encephalitis improves the spastic signs (clonus, brisk reflexes, increased tone, upgoing planters) tend to remain longterm.
 
It is interesting to hear Behan make the slightly surprising statement that these patients were all completely healthy and yet were fatigued. I presume that by completely heathy he means that they had no neurological signs. We will never know but I think we have assume that there was never any evidence of spastic paralysis and therefore no evidence of encephalitis. Even if paralysis due to encephalitis improves the spastic signs (clonus, brisk reflexes, increased tone, upgoing planters) tend to remain longterm.
Healthy ? I took that to mean that nothing showed up in tests ( surprise surprise). So Standard medical practise healthy.

All had fatigue, sleep issues and other symptoms ( not specified) , which sound familiar.

His wife found mitochondrial abnormalities.

Charles Shepherd was found to have respiration abnormalities - could explain fatiguability ( but only him it seems)
 
People win the lottery, win a race. I suppose she won the decision granting her disability payments. I find it hard to fathom needing disability payments as a 'win'.
I agree it's an odd term to use, but I can understand it. It can feel a bit like a quest with almost insurmountable barriers put in one's way trying to get the small sums we are entitled to. In that sense, reaching the end of the quest and achieving the goal can feel like a win, especially when losing can be so devastating.
 
I think the illness people have now is probably the same as or similar to the long term illness Ramsay described. I think the initial acute epidemic illness with neurological features that are hard to interpret is a red herring other than that it may have been one of lots of infections that can precipitate ME.

That seems like a way to make sense of all this.

I wonder if, ironically, the clinical picture of the long term effects of the infection would be closer to what today we call ME/CFS than to the kind of "real ME" proposed by certain people.
 
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We will never know but I think we have assume that there was never any evidence of spastic paralysis and therefore no evidence of encephalitis.

Is it your understanding that encephalitis necessarily involves paralysis. The symptoms given on the NHS website are:

Early symptoms


The first symptoms of encephalitis can be similar to flu, such as:

  • a high temperature (fever) of 38C (100.4F) or above
  • a headache
  • feeling and being sick
  • aching muscles and joints
Some people may also have a spotty or blistery rash on their skin.

But these early symptoms don't always appear and sometimes the first signs of encephalitis may be the more serious symptoms listed below.

Serious symptoms
More severe symptoms develop when the brain is affected, such as:

  • confusion or disorientation
  • drowsiness
  • seizures (fits)
  • changes in personality and behaviour, such as feeling very agitated
  • difficulty speaking
  • weakness or loss of movement in some parts of the body
  • seeing and hearing things that aren't there (hallucinations)
  • loss of sensation in certain parts of the body
  • involuntary eye movements, such as side-to-side eye movement
  • vision problems
  • loss of consciousness
There may also be symptoms of meningitis, such as a severe headache, sensitivity to bright lights, a stiff neck and a spotty rash that doesn't fade when a glass is pressed against it.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/encephalitis/symptoms/
 
Is it your understanding that encephalitis necessarily involves paralysis.

No, absolutely not.

The point is more subtle: the term 'encephalomyelitis' was used in reference to the Royal Free outbreak because physicians thought that it included paralysis. The disconnect is that if it had indeed been due to encephalitis it would have been a spastic paralysis and even if there was paralysis it wasn't spastic.
 
Wendy Boutilier said:
I take offence at the insulting way patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis are bullied by CFS patients with no knowledge of our personal medical facts and neglected by the medical profession because we are problematic for their arrogant dismissal.
Oh lord ... I hadn't realised there were such deeply-polarised opinions of who has ME and who has CFS. There is no hard evidence at all so far, so can only be opinions.
 
Oh lord ... I hadn't realised there were such deeply-polarised opinions of who has ME and who has CFS. There is no hard evidence at all so far, so can only be opinions.

Maybe you have noticed that I'm often upset about this topic. That is why. These people then write letters to for example the NIH with similar messages about CFS not being real, and real ME being defined by the ICC with its list of hundreds of symptoms, and that the cause is enterovirus outbreaks.
 
As there will be some who have not seen Acheson's original description of the naming process in his 1959 paper, it seems reasonable to copy it here:

A further suggestion was made in an editorial
in the Lancet in 1956. It was hoped that the
term “benign myalgic encephalomyelitis”
would emphasize the absent mortality, the
severe muscular pains, the evidence of
parenchymal damage to the nervous system,
and the presumed inflammatory nature of the
disorder. This term has been adopted by
Galpine and Brady32 and Deisher17 in
subsequent articles. It has also been criticized
by Sigurdsson62 and the staff of the Royal Free
Hospital12,27. Sigurdsson objects that the
disease is not always benign, not invariably
myalgic, and possibly never encephalomyelitis.
Benignity is relative; it seems that “benign” is
justified by the fact that there is no other
recorded infective disease of the central
nervous system without mortality. As various
authors have stressed5,8,12, the pain in this
disease, although not invariably present, may
be devastating, and is perhaps the feature
which impresses itself most forcefully on the
observer. As far as the final term is concerned,
the clinical impression that the lesion is central
rather than peripheral is supported by the
electromyogram. In our present state of
ignorance “encephalomyelitis” seems
preferable to “encephalopathy” because it
conveys the suggestion that the disease is
infective in origin, which is almost certainly
the case.

In the Royal Free Hospital report it is pointed
out that the name fails to describe the
involvement of the lymph nodes and liver. As
the author has indicated elsewhere63, a fully
descriptive name such as “benign ameningitic
myalgic lymphoreticular
encephalomyelopathy” if impracticable.
Shelokov et al.15 and Poskanzer et al.16 have
coined the phrase “epidemic neuromyasthenia”.
The first term is misleading because it suggests
that the disorder is confined to epidemics, the
second (translated nerve-muscle-weakness) is
either meaningless or, if it means anything,
suggests a disorder of the muscle end-plate,
which is contrary to the electromyographic
evidence. The verbal similarity with
“neurasthenia” (i.e., psychoneurosis) is
particularly unfortunate.

It is unlikely that an adequate term will be
found until fresh evidence is available. In the
meantime “benign myalgic encephalomyelitis”
may act provisionally as a rallying point in the
current list of medical literature for patients
with the clinical features already described
 
I
This is why I try to write ME/CFS where possible. It all drives me nuts.
I usually say ME but I mean that in an inclusive not an exclusive way. I have NHS CFS diagnosis and have also been diagnosed with ME by private specialist. I’ve never been near an MRI or a neurologist. I don’t think it’s appropriate for some other person to decide that I haven’t got ME because I didn’t have acute onset. I think there are probably likely to be just as many people who should have ME diagnosis but have been given the Fibro or depression or anxiety labels as vice versa.
 
I think the illness people have now is probably the same as or similar to the long term illness Ramsay described. I think the initial acute epidemic illness with neurological features that are hard to interpret is a red herring other than that it may have been one of lots of infections that can precipitate ME.

I think it was Dr Cheney who said that ME is a common endpoint reached from multiple paths. Makes sense to me.
 
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