Affective and chronic fatigue symptoms are associated with serum neuronal damage markers in Parkinson’s disease, 2025, Al-Hakeim et al

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Affective and chronic fatigue symptoms are associated with serum neuronal damage markers in Parkinson’s disease

Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim, Hayder Naji Khudhair, Sayed-Omid Ranaei-Siadat, Fataneh Fatemi, Fateme Mirzajani , Mengqi Niu & Michael Maes

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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is frequently accompanied by mood and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) symptoms. The aim of this study is to examine whether the affective and CFS symptoms due to PD are associated with serum biomarkers of neuronal injury in association with immune activation and insulin resistance.

Using a case (70 PD patients) control (60 healthy controls) study design, we assessed affective and CFS symptoms, measured the peripheral immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) using interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, zinc, and calcium levels, the Homeostasis Model Assessment 2 insulin resistance (HOMA2IR) index, and serum brain injury markers including S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), phosphorylated tau217 (pTau217), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The aim is to examine whether immune, IR, and/or brain injury biomarkers determine affective and CFS symptoms due to PD.

PD patients showed increased affective and CFS scores, IRS activation, HOMA2IR, NSE, GFAP, pTau217, and S100B levels as compared to controls. A large part (52.5%) of the variance in the mood + CFS score was explained by the regression on NSE, S100B, HOMA2IR index, IL-10 (all positively), and calcium (inversely). The HOMA2IR and IRS indices were significantly associated with all 4 brain injury biomarkers. A large part of the variance in the latter markers (37.0%) was explained by the cumulative effects of the IRS and HOMA2IR indices.

IRS activation and IR in patients with PD contribute to damage to glial cell projections and type III intermediate filament, which in turn contribute to affective and CFS symptoms.

Link | PDF (Scientific Reports) [Open Access]
 
The concept of CFS involves the summed combination of cognitive impairment, sleep problems, pain and other sensations, daytime sleepiness, constipation problems, lightheadedness, and fatigue. As a result, we calculated the total of several factors such as depressed mood, anxious mood, apathy, sleep problems, fatigue, cognitive impairment, pain and other sensations, daytime sleepiness, constipation problems, and light-headedness.
 
It seems to be missing the key features of pem and immunological type symptoms?

But you can't have your cake in one illness and eat it in the other, so if its biomedical for one surely it is for the other?
 
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