I think it’s worth pasting the entire section (line breaks added). I’m putting it in plain text to make it easier to quote.
4.4. Triggers and the biopsychosocial dimension
If FMS is autoimmune, then it has “special” features. The recognition of biopsychosocial triggers to the onset of FMS59 implies that a substantial group of patients, although not all and perhaps not the majority, have experienced severe distress before FMS onset. The sensitive nature of such a link, which can and commonly does lead to misunderstanding and stigmatisation, has been discussed.12
Clearly, FMS does not develop in everybody who experiences severe distress, so that other factors must also play a role. At the same time, more fundamentally the recognition of a likely trauma/distress-trigger in a subgroup of patients with FMS, together with the described autoantibody findings now positions any distress-FMS relation into a new context.
This implies that experience of trauma and distress might elicit a specific immune-biological response in genetically or otherwise (eg, past infection, toxicity, trauma) vulnerable individuals, which includes the production of harmful noninflammatory autoantibodies. More studies are needed to confirm this.
Similar sequences from distress experience to disease phenotype are of course known from other autoimmune disorders,2,24 but in FMS, this phenomenon might be particularly common; in addition, FMS is also a much more common condition than “classical” autoimmune disorders; hence, any such relation should perhaps more acutely lead to considerations of preventative approaches.
Alternative primary triggers for the immune reaction leading to FMS might include infection, such as after COVID19 exposure26,36 or toxicity, such as after fluroquinolone medication.3 Other patients may develop the condition spontaneously, without any trigger.
Understanding autoimmunity in FMS should help us to better understand our human nature and how profoundly, truly biopsychosocial we in fact are. A debate about the additional importance of preventing toxic distress and how early preventative interventions might be designed and implemented would be welcome.