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Early Biological Markers of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, 2024, Lu, Peluso et al

Discussion in 'Long Covid research' started by EndME, Jul 17, 2023.

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  1. EndME

    EndME Senior Member (Voting Rights)

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    1,241
    Link to published version here

    Preprint
    Abstract
    To understand the roles of acute phase viral dynamics and host immune responses in PASC, we enrolled 136 participants within 5 days of their first positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR. Participants self-collected nasal specimens up to 21 times within the first 28 days after symptom onset; Interviewer-administered clinical questionnaires and blood samples were collected at enrollment and days 9, 14, 21, 28, and month 4 and 8 post-symptom.

    Defining PASC as the presence of any symptom new or worse since infection reported at their 4-month visit, we compared viral markers (quantity and duration of viral RNA load, infectious viral load, and plasma N-antigen level) and host immune markers (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, IFN-a, IFN-g, MCP, IP-10, and Spike IgG) over the acute period. In comparison to those who fully recovered, those who developed PASC demonstrated significantly higher maximum levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, infectious virus, and N-antigen, longer duration of viral shedding, and lower Spike-specific IgG levels within the first 10 days of the acute phase of illness. No significant differences were identified among a panel of host immune markers, though there was a trend toward higher initial levels of certain markers (e.g., MCP-1, IFN-a, and IFN-g) in those who went on to develop PASC. Early viral dynamics and the associated host immune responses play a role in the pathogenesis of PASC.

    These findings highlight the importance of understanding the early biological markers from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in the natural history of PASC.

    https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.14.23292649v1

    This work seems to be a collaboration of the great UCSF team and Monogram Biosciences a subsidiary of LabCorp.
     
    Last edited by a moderator: Sep 3, 2024
    EndME, Jul 17, 2023
    #1
    Mij, cassava7, Trish and 2 others like this.
  2. Hutan

    Hutan Moderator Staff Member

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    Location:
    Aotearoa New Zealand
    I don't think this was a population sample - for example, people with a history of autoimmune disease were excluded. This was a relatively young sample, median 35.5. years. 51% with a BMI less than 25.

    30% with PASC at followup - approx 4 months (31 people with PASC; 73 without). Vaccination didn't make a difference to the incidence of PASC.
    The criteria for PASC was loose - just one new or worsened symptom post-infection was enough. The median for the number of symptoms in the PASC group in the 2 to 6 period was only 2. Only 32% of the PASC group reported fatigue.

    There was no sex bias (52% female) for the development of PASC (non-PASC was 51% female).
    Having a BMI>30 definitely increased the odds of PASC.

    Associations of virologic factors with PASC
    In the acute stage of the illness, the PASC group had higher viral load and IgG levels were lower.

    Inflammatory markers
    There isn't much there. Really the only difference is that, at enrolment in the acute stage of the illness, IFN-a, IFN-g and MCP were higher in PASC and IP-10 was lower, but levels had normalised by 2 weeks. IL-6, TNF-a and IL-10 weren't different.

    Only 80 people had the blood draw. Of the 28 PASC people, 13 female, 15 male.

    I think there needed to be more analysis of reported symptoms, and analysis of the inflammatory markers by symptom, including PEM.
     
    Hutan, Jul 17, 2023
    #2
    alktipping and shak8 like this.
  3. SNT Gatchaman

    SNT Gatchaman Senior Member (Voting Rights)

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    Location:
    Aotearoa New Zealand
    Now published as —

    Early biological markers of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2024)
    Lu, Scott; Peluso, Michael J.; Glidden, David V.; Davidson, Michelle C.; Lugtu, Kara; Pineda-Ramirez, Jesus; Tassetto, Michel; Garcia-Knight, Miguel; Zhang, Amethyst; Goldberg, Sarah A.; Chen, Jessica Y.; Fortes-Cobby, Maya; Park, Sara; Martinez, Ana; So, Matthew; Donovan, Aidan; Viswanathan, Badri; Hoh, Rebecca; Donohue, Kevin; McIlwain, David R.; Gaudiliere, Brice; Anglin, Khamal; Yee, Brandon C.; Chenna, Ahmed; Winslow, John W.; Petropoulos, Christos J.; Deeks, Steven G.; Briggs-Hagen, Melissa; Andino, Raul; Midgley, Claire M.; Martin, Jeffrey N.; Saydah, Sharon; Kelly, J. Daniel

    To understand the roles of acute-phase viral dynamics and host immune responses in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), we enrolled 136 participants within 5 days of their first positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR test.

    Participants self-collected up to 21 nasal specimens within the first 28 days post-symptom onset; interviewer-administered questionnaires and blood samples were collected at enrollment, days 9, 14, 21, 28, and month 4 and 8 post-symptom onset. Defining PASC as the presence of any COVID-associated symptom at their 4-month visit, we compared viral markers (quantity and duration of nasal viral RNA load, infectious viral load, and plasma N-antigen level) and host immune markers (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ , MCP, IP-10, and Spike IgG) over the acute period.

    Compared to those who fully recovered, those reporting PASC demonstrated significantly higher maximum levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and N-antigen, burden of RNA and infectious viral shedding, and lower Spike-specific IgG levels within 9 days post-illness onset. No significant differences were identified among a panel of host immune markers.

    Our results suggest early viral dynamics and the associated host immune responses play a role in the pathogenesis of PASC, highlighting the importance of understanding early biological markers in the natural history of PASC.

    Link | PDF (Nature Communications) [Open Access]
     
    SNT Gatchaman, Sep 2, 2024
    #3
    Hutan likes this.

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