Whatever the damage caused by that calorie expenditure is confined in the brain and they'll need to be cleaned up or repaired by the brain immune system. No reason to think that such repair process won't cause PEM.And mental exertion uses minimal calories – fewer than the type of physical activities which the same patients are able to do without causing PEM. So if PEM can be caused by mental exertion that would be evidence that it’s not caused by the use of calories.