Preprint Heightened innate immunity may trigger chronic inflammation, fatigue and [PEM]…, 2025, Che, Hornig, Bateman, Klimas, Komaroff, Lipkin+

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On the Prusty paper thread @cassava7 quoted a section of the paper where they looked at LPS stimulation.

One of the most prominent candidate molecules that can provide strong antiviral defense is IFN. Hence, we tested IFN response in A549 cells upon treatment with ME/CFS or HC serum. We observed a strong decrease in mRNA levels of IFN-β, IFIT-1, and ICAM-1 within the A549 cells in presence of ME/CFS serum in comparison with HC serum (Fig. 5D–F). Then we asked whether the secretory IFN response in isolated PBMCs is higher in ME/CFS patients. For this we used a different cohort of 22 CFS patients and 22 HC. Upon challenge with LPS, we found lower levels of secreted TNF-α (p < 0.01) and IFN-γ (p < 0.05) from CFS patient PBMCs compared with HC (Supplemental Fig. 2B). No significant differences were seen for IL-1 and IL-5. These results ruled out a potential role of IFN response in the mitochondrial fragmentation and antiviral response in ME/CFS patients.

 

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More info on the Tru-culture test used in this paper in the video of a post on the Prusty paper thread. LINK (Ian Lipkin 2019 presentation to the CDC)

 

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This paper explains the method and how the Tru-culture system compares to conventional PBMC methods
Standardized whole blood stimulation improves immunomonitoring of induced immune responses in multi-center study.

Whole blood and PBMCs from healthy donors were exposed to LPS, anti-CD3 anti-CD28 antibodies, or media alone. 55 protein analytes were analyzed centrally by Luminex multi-analyte profiling in a CLIA-certified laboratory. TruCulture responses showed greater reproducibility and improved the statistical power for monitoring differential immune response activation. The use of TruCulture addresses a major unmet need through a robust and flexible method for immunomonitoring that can be reproducibly applied in multi-center clinical studies.