DecodeMe Candidate Gene
CHROMOSOME 13
Chr13 contained no Tier 1 genes and one Tier 2 gene.
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OLFM4 (Tier 2)
• Protein: Olfactomedin-4. UniProt. GeneCards.
• Molecular function: OLFM4 facilitates cell adhesion, most probably through interaction with cell surface lectins and cadherin. It reduces neutrophil-dependent antibacterial and inflammatory responses by binding to neutrophil cationic proteins and neutralising their ability to kill bacteria and form immunogenic complexes with DNA (53).
• Cellular function: OLFM4 is a neutrophil-specific granule protein that is a biomarker for the severity of infectious diseases (54). It is expressed in gut epithelial cells and is stored in secondary granules of neutrophils.
• Link to disease: When cells are stimulated, OLFM4 is associated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs can be induced by reactive oxygen species produced by mitochondria (55). A cell death process called NETosis occurs after NET release, a form of antimicrobial innate immunity.
• Potential relevance to ME/CFS: OLFM4-positive neutrophils regulate microbial-induced damage of intestinal epithelial cells (56).
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References
53 Vandenberghe-Dürr S, Gilliet M, Di Domizio J. OLFM4 regulates the antimicrobial and DNA binding activity of neutrophil cationic proteins. Cell Rep. 2024 Oct 22;43(10):114863.
54 Liu W, Rodgers GP. Olfactomedin 4 Is a Biomarker for the Severity of Infectious Diseases. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Apr;9(4)
fac061.
55 Papayannopoulos V. Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018 Feb;18(2):134–47.
56 Huber A, Jose S, Kassam A, Weghorn KN, Powers-Fletcher M, Sharma D, et al. Olfactomedin-4 + neutrophils exacerbate intestinal epithelial damage and worsen host survival after Clostridioides difficile infection. bioRxiv. 2023 Aug 22
CHROMOSOME 13
Chr13 contained no Tier 1 genes and one Tier 2 gene.
********************
OLFM4 (Tier 2)
• Protein: Olfactomedin-4. UniProt. GeneCards.
• Molecular function: OLFM4 facilitates cell adhesion, most probably through interaction with cell surface lectins and cadherin. It reduces neutrophil-dependent antibacterial and inflammatory responses by binding to neutrophil cationic proteins and neutralising their ability to kill bacteria and form immunogenic complexes with DNA (53).
• Cellular function: OLFM4 is a neutrophil-specific granule protein that is a biomarker for the severity of infectious diseases (54). It is expressed in gut epithelial cells and is stored in secondary granules of neutrophils.
• Link to disease: When cells are stimulated, OLFM4 is associated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs can be induced by reactive oxygen species produced by mitochondria (55). A cell death process called NETosis occurs after NET release, a form of antimicrobial innate immunity.
• Potential relevance to ME/CFS: OLFM4-positive neutrophils regulate microbial-induced damage of intestinal epithelial cells (56).
********************
References
53 Vandenberghe-Dürr S, Gilliet M, Di Domizio J. OLFM4 regulates the antimicrobial and DNA binding activity of neutrophil cationic proteins. Cell Rep. 2024 Oct 22;43(10):114863.
54 Liu W, Rodgers GP. Olfactomedin 4 Is a Biomarker for the Severity of Infectious Diseases. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Apr;9(4)
fac061.55 Papayannopoulos V. Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018 Feb;18(2):134–47.
56 Huber A, Jose S, Kassam A, Weghorn KN, Powers-Fletcher M, Sharma D, et al. Olfactomedin-4 + neutrophils exacerbate intestinal epithelial damage and worsen host survival after Clostridioides difficile infection. bioRxiv. 2023 Aug 22